NR565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (287)
Pharmacokinetics The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
Pharmacodynamics The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics substances that are foreign to the body, usually
synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the
production of cholesterol and steroids and the
detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs
(CYP450) are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
,Three possible outcomes of phase 1 -Drug becomes completely inactive
drug metabolism.
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more
metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but
one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers Medications that can increase the rate of another
drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme
activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing
the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one
or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for
toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the
"parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
,Beers Criteria -potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may
exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be
avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in
the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions when one medication systemically alters the potency
of another medication.
Absorption Interaction result of a change due to one medication's effect on
another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction caused by the amount of unbound/free medications
available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive
metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure
form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions does not alter or impact absorption, distribution,
metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of
another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice
without physician oversight
prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to
prescribe medications.
, Full-practice scope Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate
patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate
and manage treatments and prescribe medications,
including controlled substances without physician
oversight.
Reduced-practice scope Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice. The state requires a formal
collaborative agreement with an outside health
discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient
care.
Restricted practice scope Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice by requiring supervision,
delegation, or team management by an outside
health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide
patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E- DEA Scheduled Drugs
Script
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or Schedule II drugs
refilled via phone
Acute Pain An occurrence of fewer than three months and is
often precipitated by trauma and acute medical
conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain
Chronic pain episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may
be intermittent or continuous
Referred Pain pain that is felt in a location other than where the
pain originates
–Questions With A+ Solutions
Save Groups
Terms in this set (287)
Pharmacokinetics The process by which drugs are absorbed,
distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
Pharmacodynamics The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics substances that are foreign to the body, usually
synthetic chemical compounds; medications are a
common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the
production of cholesterol and steroids and the
detoxification of chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs
(CYP450) are oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450 Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
,Three possible outcomes of phase 1 -Drug becomes completely inactive
drug metabolism.
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more
metabolites remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but
one metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers Medications that can increase the rate of another
drug's metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme
activity via increasing enzyme synthesis. decreasing
the concentration of the "parent drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
CYP450 Inhibitors Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one
or more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for
toxicity; prolongs the pharmacological effect of the
"parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
,Beers Criteria -potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults
-potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in
older adults due to medication-disease or
medication-syndrome interactions that may
exacerbate the disease or syndrome
-medications to be used cautiously in older adults
-clinically significant drug interactions that should be
avoided in older adults
-medications to be avoided or dosage decreased in
the presence of impaired kidney function in older
adults
Pharmacokinetic Interactions when one medication systemically alters the potency
of another medication.
Absorption Interaction result of a change due to one medication's effect on
another medication's route of entry into the body.
Distribution Interaction caused by the amount of unbound/free medications
available at the various target sites.
Metabolism Interaction concentration of the medication after
biotransformation into active and inactive
metabolites in higher or lower than expected.
Elimination Interaction the body's ability to eliminate medications in pure
form or by altering a metabolite from the body.
Pharmacodynamic Interactions does not alter or impact absorption, distribution,
metabolism, or elimination because of the one
medication's ability to manipulate the effect of
another medication at its site of action
Practice Authority refers to the nurse practitioner's ability to practice
without physician oversight
prescriptive authority refers to the nurse practitioner's authority to
prescribe medications.
, Full-practice scope Nurse practitioners have the autonomy to evaluate
patients, diagnose, order and interpret tests, initiate
and manage treatments and prescribe medications,
including controlled substances without physician
oversight.
Reduced-practice scope Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice. The state requires a formal
collaborative agreement with an outside health
discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide patient
care.
Restricted practice scope Nurse practitioners are limited in at least one
element of practice by requiring supervision,
delegation, or team management by an outside
health discipline for the nurse practitioner to provide
patient care.
Drugs that cannot be ordered via E- DEA Scheduled Drugs
Script
Drugs that cannot be prescribed or Schedule II drugs
refilled via phone
Acute Pain An occurrence of fewer than three months and is
often precipitated by trauma and acute medical
conditions or treatment.
Types of Acute Pain Referred Pain
Acute Somatic Pain
Acute visceral pain
Chronic pain episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may
be intermittent or continuous
Referred Pain pain that is felt in a location other than where the
pain originates
