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Q1. Which of the following congenital anomalies involves the
urethral meatus opening on the ventral (underside) of the penis?
A. Chordee
B. Epispadias
C. Phimosis
D. Hypospadias
Correct Answer: D) Hypospadias
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the
urethral meatus is located on the ventral aspect of the penis
rather than at the tip. Epispadias involves dorsal placement;
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,chordee is downward curvature often associated with
hypospadias; phimosis is inability to retract the foreskin .
Q2. A patient presents with fever, abdominal pain, and profuse
diarrhea following antibiotic therapy. Which organism is MOST
likely responsible?
A. Enterobacter cloacae
B. Enterococcus faecalis
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Clostridium difficile
Correct Answer: D) Clostridium difficile
Rationale: C. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic-
associated enterocolitis and pseudomembranous colitis. It
typically occurs after broad-spectrum antibiotic use disrupts
normal gut flora, allowing C. difficile overgrowth .
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,Q3. During a carotid endarterectomy, which occlusion clamp
should be removed LAST after the anastomosis to flush debris out
the external carotid artery?
A. Common carotid
B. Internal carotid
C. External carotid
D. Thyroid branch
Correct Answer: B) Internal carotid
Rationale: The internal carotid clamp should be removed last so
that any air or debris left in the area is flushed out through the
external carotid artery rather than entering the cerebral
circulation, which could cause a stroke .
Q4. A patient undergoing abdominal hysterectomy develops
tachycardia, muscle rigidity, hypercarbia, and a temperature of
103°F (39°C). The anesthesiologist should suspect:
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, A. Malignant hyperthermia
B. Thyroid storm
C. Sepsis
D. Anaphylaxis
Correct Answer: A) Malignant hyperthermia
Rationale: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a life-threatening
reaction to volatile anesthetic gases or succinylcholine. Signs
include tachycardia, tachypnea, hypercarbia, muscle rigidity,
hyperthermia, and elevated end-tidal CO2. First-line treatment is
dantrolene 2-3 mg/kg .
Q5. A pledgeted suture is used in liver injury to:
A. Align suture placement
B. Add bulk to the injury site
C. Reduce the likelihood of suture cut-through
D. Provide traction for increased exposure
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