HSCI 720 QUIZ 2: LEARNING THEORIES |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
100% CORRECT.
Instructions
• Covers the learning material module: week 1
• Contains multiple choice/true false questions
• Ia limited to one hour
• Allows 1 attempt
➢ This assignment of Module 1 week 1 and should be submitted by 12:00
noon on Monday
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER-Social Development Theory and ZPD--
Social interaction is critical for cognitive development. Related to this is the idea
of a "Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)." Some skills, an individual can
perform independently. Other skills can be performed if the individual has
assistance. Skills that can be performed with assistance are said to be within an
individual's ZPD. The ZPD is the theoretical basis for scaffolding.
Howard Gardner - ANSWER-Multiple Intelligences--
Each individual possesses seven distinct and measurable forms of intelligence:
linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal,
and interpersonal.
Abraham Maslow - ANSWER-Hierarchy of Needs --
Humans naturally strive to satisfy needs. The five levels of needs, from lowest to
highest, are:
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
Lower-level needs must be satisfied before the individual can move on to satisfy
higher level needs.
,What groups in any society usually have the worst health - ANSWER-The poor,
the rural, ethnic minorities, and other marginalized groups generally have the worst
health in any society
How do levels of immunization vary by income level? - ANSWER-Generally, the
higher the level of income, the higher the level of immunization
Generally, what's the correlation between the income of country and expenditure
on health? - ANSWER-Generally, the higher the level of GDP, the higher the level
of expenditure on health
Cognitivism - ANSWER-This is based on the thought process behind the
behavior. Changes in behavior are observed, but only as an indicator to what is
going on in the learner's head.
input, short term memory, long term memory - ANSWER-the three-stage
information processing model
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER-Social constructivism was developed where learning is
structured through interaction with others
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER-Operant Conditioning (Behaviorism)--
Learning is the result of changes in behavior. As stimulus-response cycles are
reinforced, individuals are "conditioned" to respond. Distinguished from
Connectionism because individuals can initiate responses, not merely respond to
stimuli.
Erik Erikson - ANSWER-Socioemotional Development--
Erikson's "Eight Stages of Man" describes a series of crises individuals pass
through at different ages. The stages begin with "trust versus mistrust" in infancy
and continue through a series of paired outcomes for each age through older
adulthood.
Lawrence Kohlberg - ANSWER-Stages of Moral Development--
Pre-Conventional - based on self-centered interests
,Conventional - based on conformity to local expectations
Post-Conventional - based on higher principles
Carol Gilligan - ANSWER-Ethical relationships--
Gilligan stresses that unlike today's women who can speak the moral language of
justice and rights nearly as fluently as the moral language of care and
responsibilities, today's boys and men still find it very hard to articulate their moral
concerns in anything other than the moral language of justice and rights. The
primary aim of Gilligan's new studies is to demonstrate that Level Three thinking
is, after all, the kind of thinking that should guide moral deliberation.
Madeline Hunter - ANSWER-Instructional Theory into Practice Teaching Model--
List three of the most important special thrusts in global health over the last forty
years - ANSWER-surveillance of disease, the provision of global standards for
drugs and vaccines, and selected technical advice to countries on key health
matters
What is the most successful effort to date of international cooperation in health? -
ANSWER-smallpox eradication
What does "my future in my first centimeters" discuss? - ANSWER-My Future in
My First Centimeters compares the physical and cognitive growth of children in
rural and underserved areas of Peru. Many of Peru's rural children are
malnourished, stunted, and developmentally delayed. However, a community
monitoring program which encourages mothers to track their children's growth has
significantly improved child heath. Mothers who receive monthly updates and
advice on their child's progress provide a proper diet, which allows for the children
to grow stronger, physically and cognitively.
"Nutrition for Niger (Plumpy'nut)" - ANSWER-In Nutrition for Niger, Anderson
Cooper, a CNN correspondent, travels to Niger to see the benefits of using
Plumpy'nut. This therapeutic food, which is a mixture of peanut butter, condensed
milk, sugar, and essential vitamins, can save the lives of malnourished children.
What is " Culture “? - ANSWER-Behavior and beliefs that are learned and shared
, The Importance of Culture to Health - ANSWER-- Related to health behaviors
- Important determinant of people's perceptions of illness
- Affects usage of health services
- Different cultures have different health practices
Albert Bandura - ANSWER-Observational Learning Theory--
Behavior can be learned through observation of others.
Jerome Bruner - ANSWER-Constructivist Theory--
Individuals actively construct knowledge by comparing new ideas or concepts with
their current knowledge (schema or mental models).
John Dewey - ANSWER-Learning by Doing--
Learning occurs through experience.
Jean Piaget - ANSWER-Genetic Epistemology--
Developmental stages of child development:
0-2 years: "sensorimotor" - motor development
3-7 years: "Preoperation" - intuitive
8-11 years: "concrete operational" - logical, but non-abstract
12-15 years: "formal operations" - abstract thinking
How does private expenditure on health generally vary by income of country? -
ANSWER-The higher the level of GDP of a country, the lower the level of private
expenditure as a share of total health expenditure
Hunter identified seven components for teaching:
1.knowledge of human growth and development, 2. content, 3. classroom
management, 4.materials, 5. planning, 6. human relations, 7. instructional skills
Hunter also developed a direct instructional model and elements of effective
instruction.
The instructional model has seven components:
1.objectives, 2. standards, 3. anticipatory set, 4. teaching (input, modeling,
checking for understanding), 5. guided practice/monitoring, 6. closure, 7.
independent practice
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE |
100% CORRECT.
Instructions
• Covers the learning material module: week 1
• Contains multiple choice/true false questions
• Ia limited to one hour
• Allows 1 attempt
➢ This assignment of Module 1 week 1 and should be submitted by 12:00
noon on Monday
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER-Social Development Theory and ZPD--
Social interaction is critical for cognitive development. Related to this is the idea
of a "Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)." Some skills, an individual can
perform independently. Other skills can be performed if the individual has
assistance. Skills that can be performed with assistance are said to be within an
individual's ZPD. The ZPD is the theoretical basis for scaffolding.
Howard Gardner - ANSWER-Multiple Intelligences--
Each individual possesses seven distinct and measurable forms of intelligence:
linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal,
and interpersonal.
Abraham Maslow - ANSWER-Hierarchy of Needs --
Humans naturally strive to satisfy needs. The five levels of needs, from lowest to
highest, are:
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
Lower-level needs must be satisfied before the individual can move on to satisfy
higher level needs.
,What groups in any society usually have the worst health - ANSWER-The poor,
the rural, ethnic minorities, and other marginalized groups generally have the worst
health in any society
How do levels of immunization vary by income level? - ANSWER-Generally, the
higher the level of income, the higher the level of immunization
Generally, what's the correlation between the income of country and expenditure
on health? - ANSWER-Generally, the higher the level of GDP, the higher the level
of expenditure on health
Cognitivism - ANSWER-This is based on the thought process behind the
behavior. Changes in behavior are observed, but only as an indicator to what is
going on in the learner's head.
input, short term memory, long term memory - ANSWER-the three-stage
information processing model
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER-Social constructivism was developed where learning is
structured through interaction with others
B.F. Skinner - ANSWER-Operant Conditioning (Behaviorism)--
Learning is the result of changes in behavior. As stimulus-response cycles are
reinforced, individuals are "conditioned" to respond. Distinguished from
Connectionism because individuals can initiate responses, not merely respond to
stimuli.
Erik Erikson - ANSWER-Socioemotional Development--
Erikson's "Eight Stages of Man" describes a series of crises individuals pass
through at different ages. The stages begin with "trust versus mistrust" in infancy
and continue through a series of paired outcomes for each age through older
adulthood.
Lawrence Kohlberg - ANSWER-Stages of Moral Development--
Pre-Conventional - based on self-centered interests
,Conventional - based on conformity to local expectations
Post-Conventional - based on higher principles
Carol Gilligan - ANSWER-Ethical relationships--
Gilligan stresses that unlike today's women who can speak the moral language of
justice and rights nearly as fluently as the moral language of care and
responsibilities, today's boys and men still find it very hard to articulate their moral
concerns in anything other than the moral language of justice and rights. The
primary aim of Gilligan's new studies is to demonstrate that Level Three thinking
is, after all, the kind of thinking that should guide moral deliberation.
Madeline Hunter - ANSWER-Instructional Theory into Practice Teaching Model--
List three of the most important special thrusts in global health over the last forty
years - ANSWER-surveillance of disease, the provision of global standards for
drugs and vaccines, and selected technical advice to countries on key health
matters
What is the most successful effort to date of international cooperation in health? -
ANSWER-smallpox eradication
What does "my future in my first centimeters" discuss? - ANSWER-My Future in
My First Centimeters compares the physical and cognitive growth of children in
rural and underserved areas of Peru. Many of Peru's rural children are
malnourished, stunted, and developmentally delayed. However, a community
monitoring program which encourages mothers to track their children's growth has
significantly improved child heath. Mothers who receive monthly updates and
advice on their child's progress provide a proper diet, which allows for the children
to grow stronger, physically and cognitively.
"Nutrition for Niger (Plumpy'nut)" - ANSWER-In Nutrition for Niger, Anderson
Cooper, a CNN correspondent, travels to Niger to see the benefits of using
Plumpy'nut. This therapeutic food, which is a mixture of peanut butter, condensed
milk, sugar, and essential vitamins, can save the lives of malnourished children.
What is " Culture “? - ANSWER-Behavior and beliefs that are learned and shared
, The Importance of Culture to Health - ANSWER-- Related to health behaviors
- Important determinant of people's perceptions of illness
- Affects usage of health services
- Different cultures have different health practices
Albert Bandura - ANSWER-Observational Learning Theory--
Behavior can be learned through observation of others.
Jerome Bruner - ANSWER-Constructivist Theory--
Individuals actively construct knowledge by comparing new ideas or concepts with
their current knowledge (schema or mental models).
John Dewey - ANSWER-Learning by Doing--
Learning occurs through experience.
Jean Piaget - ANSWER-Genetic Epistemology--
Developmental stages of child development:
0-2 years: "sensorimotor" - motor development
3-7 years: "Preoperation" - intuitive
8-11 years: "concrete operational" - logical, but non-abstract
12-15 years: "formal operations" - abstract thinking
How does private expenditure on health generally vary by income of country? -
ANSWER-The higher the level of GDP of a country, the lower the level of private
expenditure as a share of total health expenditure
Hunter identified seven components for teaching:
1.knowledge of human growth and development, 2. content, 3. classroom
management, 4.materials, 5. planning, 6. human relations, 7. instructional skills
Hunter also developed a direct instructional model and elements of effective
instruction.
The instructional model has seven components:
1.objectives, 2. standards, 3. anticipatory set, 4. teaching (input, modeling,
checking for understanding), 5. guided practice/monitoring, 6. closure, 7.
independent practice
