PLTW PBS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Angiogram - ANS The radiographic visualization of blood vessels after the injection of
radiopaque substance.
Angioplasty - ANS Surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel.
Coronary Bypass - ANS A surgical bypass operation performed to shunt blood around an
obstruction in a coronary artery that involves grafting one end of a segment of vein removed
from another part of the body into the aorta and the other end into the coronary artery beyond
the obstructed area to allow for increased blood flow.
Heart Attack - ANS An acute episode of heart disease marked by death or damage of heart
muscle due to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle usually as a result of coronary
thrombosis or a coronary occlusion and that is characterized especially by chest pain.
Heart Disease - ANS An abnormal organic condition of the heart or of circulation.
Metabolic Syndrome - ANS A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a
group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL
levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular
disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Risk Factor - ANS Something which increases risk or susceptibility.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 13
, Stenting - ANS A surgical procedure or operation for inserting a stent, a mold to keep a
passageway open, into an anatomical vessel.
Stroke - ANS Sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by
rupture or obstruction (as by a clot) of a blood vessel of the brain.
Allele - ANS Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
Atherosclerosis - ANS Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting of lipid deposits on the
artery walls.
Cholesterol - ANS A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and
acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
Electrophoresis - ANS The movement of suspended particles through a fluid or gel under the
action of an electromotive force applied to electrodes in contact with the suspension.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANS A metabolic disorder that is caused by defective or
absent receptors for LDLs on cell surfaces, that is marked by an increase in blood plasma LDLs
and by an accumulation of LDLs in the body resulting in an increased risk of heart attack and
coronary heart disease, and that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
Genotype - ANS All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group.
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - ANS A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of
cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are
embedded. An HDL particle carries less cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, LDL, and may be
correlated with a decreased risk of blood vessel blockage.
Heterozygous - ANS Having two different alleles for a given gene.
Homozygous - ANS Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 13
AND ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Angiogram - ANS The radiographic visualization of blood vessels after the injection of
radiopaque substance.
Angioplasty - ANS Surgical repair or recanalization of a blood vessel.
Coronary Bypass - ANS A surgical bypass operation performed to shunt blood around an
obstruction in a coronary artery that involves grafting one end of a segment of vein removed
from another part of the body into the aorta and the other end into the coronary artery beyond
the obstructed area to allow for increased blood flow.
Heart Attack - ANS An acute episode of heart disease marked by death or damage of heart
muscle due to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle usually as a result of coronary
thrombosis or a coronary occlusion and that is characterized especially by chest pain.
Heart Disease - ANS An abnormal organic condition of the heart or of circulation.
Metabolic Syndrome - ANS A syndrome marked by the presence of usually three or more of a
group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL
levels, and high fasting levels of blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular
disease and Type 2 diabetes.
Risk Factor - ANS Something which increases risk or susceptibility.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 13
, Stenting - ANS A surgical procedure or operation for inserting a stent, a mold to keep a
passageway open, into an anatomical vessel.
Stroke - ANS Sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by
rupture or obstruction (as by a clot) of a blood vessel of the brain.
Allele - ANS Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
Atherosclerosis - ANS Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting of lipid deposits on the
artery walls.
Cholesterol - ANS A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and
acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
Electrophoresis - ANS The movement of suspended particles through a fluid or gel under the
action of an electromotive force applied to electrodes in contact with the suspension.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ANS A metabolic disorder that is caused by defective or
absent receptors for LDLs on cell surfaces, that is marked by an increase in blood plasma LDLs
and by an accumulation of LDLs in the body resulting in an increased risk of heart attack and
coronary heart disease, and that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
Genotype - ANS All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group.
HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - ANS A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of
cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are
embedded. An HDL particle carries less cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, LDL, and may be
correlated with a decreased risk of blood vessel blockage.
Heterozygous - ANS Having two different alleles for a given gene.
Homozygous - ANS Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 13
