lOMoARcPSD|1286596
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C94/C94M − 24
Standard Specification for
Ready-Mixed Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de- and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
fined in 3.2.2 (Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready- prolonged use.2)
mixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification or 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
as ordered by the purchaser. When the purchaser’s dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
requirements, as stated in the order, differ from those in this ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specification, the purchaser’s requirements shall govern. This Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
purchaser. 2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuous 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
mixing is covered in Specification C685/C685M. Fiber-reinforced con- C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
crete is covered in Specification C1116/C1116M.
Specimens in the Field
1.2 As used throughout this specification the producer C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
manufactures ready-mixed concrete and the purchaser buys C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
ready-mixed concrete. drical Concrete Specimens
1.3 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. gregates
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
conformance with the standard. Concrete
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and
crete
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
considered as requirements of the specification.
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Concrete by the Pressure Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- for Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
Structural Concrete
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
C09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at . For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as C94/C94M – 23. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0094_C0094M-24. the ASTM website.
, lOMoARcPSD|1286596
C94/C94M − 24
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for 2.3 Other Documents:5
Concrete NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technology
C567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of Handbook
Structural Lightweight Concrete 3. Terminology
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined 3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this specification are
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete defined in Terminology C125.
C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Concrete 3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete
C685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumet- mixed completely in a stationary mixer.
ric Batching and Continuous Mixing 3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, n—concrete manufactured and
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col- delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.
ored Concrete 3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete par-
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in tially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a
Concrete and Mortars truck mixer.
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly 3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete com-
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete pletely mixed in a truck mixer.
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete
3.2.5 water, target batch, n—quantity of water to be added
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for to the batch through the water measuring system after com-
Testing Agency Evaluation pensating for the quantity of ice, if used, surface moisture on
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete the aggregates and water in the admixtures, when applicable,
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic and by subtracting a quantity of water that is anticipated to be
Cement added at the job site or in transit to adjust slump or slump flow
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious of the concrete batch.
Mixtures
C1582/C1582M Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit 4. Basis of Purchase
Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Con- 4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubic
crete meter of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the unit.
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete 4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be
C1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self- determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the
Consolidating Concrete density of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be
C1697 Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementi- determined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch as
tious Materials delivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.4.
C1797 Specification for Ground Calcium Carbonate and The density shall be determined in accordance with Test
Aggregate Mineral Fillers for use in Hydraulic Cement Method C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as the
Concrete average of at least three measurements, one from each of three
C1798/C1798M Specification for Returned Fresh Concrete different transportation units sampled in accordance with
for Use in a New Batch of Ready-Mixed Concrete Practice C172/C172M.
C1866/C1866M Specification for Ground-Glass Pozzolan NOTE 2—It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete
for Use in Concrete may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,
over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement
2.2 ACI Documents:4 of wet mixtures, none of which is the responsibility of the producer.
ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for
Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete 5. Materials
ACI 211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for 5.1 In the absence of designated applicable material
Structural Lightweight Concrete specifications, the following material specifications shall be
ACI 301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete used:
ACI 305.1 Specification for Hot Weather Concreting 5.2 Cementitious Materials:
ACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting 5.2.1 Hydraulic Cement—Hydraulic cement shall conform
ACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting to Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M, or
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con- Specification C1157/C1157M.
crete and Commentary
5
NIST Handbook 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances for
, lOMoARcPSD|1286596
C94/C94M − 24
5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials—Coal ash or 6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of discharge
natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. Slag from the transportation unit (see Section 7 for acceptable
cement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silica tolerances),
fume shall conform to Specification C1240. Ground-glass 6.1.4 Total air content at the point of discharge from the
pozzolan shall conform to Specification C1866/C1866M. transportation unit for concrete that will be exposed to cycles
Blended supplementary cementitious materials shall conform of freezing and thawing or anticipated exposure of the concrete
to Specification C1697. (see Section 8 for sampling for air content tests and tolerances).
NOTE 3—Specification C1697 does not apply to the combination of NOTE 7—Table 1 provides total air contents for concrete that vary by
individually batched supplementary cementitious materials during the exposure condition and aggregate size. Total air contents less than those
production of ready-mixed concrete. shown in Table 1 may be specified or used for concrete that is not subject
to freezing and thawing. This may be done to improve workability and
5.3 Aggregates—Normal weight aggregates shall conform cohesiveness, reduce the rate of bleeding, reduce the water content for a
to Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall con- given consistency, or achieve required lightweight concrete density.
form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre- Specified total air contents higher than those shown in Table 1 may reduce
gates shall conform to Specification C637. strength without any further improvement of durability.
Exposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table 1
5.4 Ground Calcium Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral correspond to the following:
Filler—Ground calcium carbonate and aggregate mineral filler Moderate Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but not
shall conform to Specification C1797. in contact with the ground or with limited exposure to water, limiting the
ability to cause saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing.
5.5 Water—Water shall conform to Specification C1602/ The concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals.
C1602M. Examples include: exterior beams, columns, walls, girders, footings below
the frost line, or elevated slabs where application of deicing salt is not
5.6 Admixtures—Chemical admixtures shall conform to anticipated. The air content requirements for this exposure are consistent
Specification C494/C494M. Air-entraining admixtures shall with those for Exposure Class F1 of ACI 318.
conform to Specification C260/C260M. Admixtures to inhibit Severe Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while in
chloride induced corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete shall contact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water, potentially
causing saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing. The
conform to Specification C1582/C1582M. Pigments for inte- concrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals.
grally colored concrete shall conform to Specification C979/ Examples include: pavements, bridge decks, curbs, gutters, sidewalks,
C979M. canal linings, or exterior water tanks or sumps. The air content require-
NOTE 4—In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining, ments for this exposure are consistent with those for Exposure Classes F2
accelerating, retarding, water-reducing, and high-range water-reducing and F3 of ACI 318.
admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of dosages should be allowed,
which will permit obtaining the desired effect.
6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis
NOTE 5—Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce the
of the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concrete required quality,
of different properties. 6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified, the equilib-
5.7 Returned Fresh Concrete—Returned fresh concrete, rium density,
when permitted by the purchaser, shall conform to Specifica- NOTE 8—The density of fresh concrete is the only measurable density
tion C1798/C1798M. of lightweight concrete at the time of delivery. The density of fresh
concrete is always higher than the equilibrium or oven-dry density.
NOTE 6—Specification C1798/C1798M provides requirements for
Therefore, for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at the
using, measuring, and reporting returned fresh concrete. These require-
point of discharge from the transportation unit, a relationship between the
ments are in addition to those stated herein. The purchaser may further
equilibrium density and density of fresh concrete needs to be established.
clarify which concrete within an order, such as specific mixtures or
Definitions of, and methods for determining or calculating equilibrium
applications, may incorporate returned fresh concrete.
and oven-dry density, are covered by Test Method C567/C567M.
6. Ordering Information 6.1.7 When high-density or heavyweight concrete is
6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specified, the density of fresh concrete, and
specifications, the purchaser’s order shall include the follow- NOTE 9—High-density or heavyweight concrete typically contains
ing: aggregate with a relative density of 3.3 or greater conforming to
6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate, Specification C637. This concrete is used for radiation shielding or other
applications where higher density is required by design. For acceptance of
6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of discharge density at point of discharge from the transportation unit, a relationship
from the transportation unit (see Section 7 for acceptable between the fresh density and the density of hardened concrete required by
tolerances), design should be established.
TABLE 1 Total Air Content for Air-Entrained Concrete Exposed to Cycles of Freezing and Thawing
Total Air Content, %
Exposure Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, mm [in.]
Condition 9.5 [3⁄8 ] 12.5 [1⁄2 ] 19.0 [3⁄4 ] 25.0 [1] 37.5 [11⁄2 ] 50.0 [2] 75.0 [3]
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C94/C94M − 24
Standard Specification for
Ready-Mixed Concrete1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de- and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon
fined in 3.2.2 (Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready- prolonged use.2)
mixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification or 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
as ordered by the purchaser. When the purchaser’s dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
requirements, as stated in the order, differ from those in this ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specification, the purchaser’s requirements shall govern. This Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
specification does not cover the placement, consolidation, mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
purchaser. 2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuous 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
mixing is covered in Specification C685/C685M. Fiber-reinforced con- C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
crete is covered in Specification C1116/C1116M.
Specimens in the Field
1.2 As used throughout this specification the producer C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
manufactures ready-mixed concrete and the purchaser buys C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
ready-mixed concrete. drical Concrete Specimens
1.3 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets, C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. gregates
The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
Combining values from the two systems may result in non- C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
conformance with the standard. Concrete
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and
C172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-
footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and
crete
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
considered as requirements of the specification.
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Concrete by the Pressure Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- for Concrete
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
Structural Concrete
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
C09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at . For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as C94/C94M – 23. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C0094_C0094M-24. the ASTM website.
, lOMoARcPSD|1286596
C94/C94M − 24
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for 2.3 Other Documents:5
Concrete NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technology
C567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of Handbook
Structural Lightweight Concrete 3. Terminology
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined 3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this specification are
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete defined in Terminology C125.
C637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Concrete 3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete
C685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumet- mixed completely in a stationary mixer.
ric Batching and Continuous Mixing 3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, n—concrete manufactured and
C979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col- delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.
ored Concrete 3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete par-
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in tially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a
Concrete and Mortars truck mixer.
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly 3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, n—ready-mixed concrete com-
Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete pletely mixed in a truck mixer.
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete
3.2.5 water, target batch, n—quantity of water to be added
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for to the batch through the water measuring system after com-
Testing Agency Evaluation pensating for the quantity of ice, if used, surface moisture on
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete the aggregates and water in the admixtures, when applicable,
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic and by subtracting a quantity of water that is anticipated to be
Cement added at the job site or in transit to adjust slump or slump flow
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious of the concrete batch.
Mixtures
C1582/C1582M Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit 4. Basis of Purchase
Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Con- 4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubic
crete meter of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the unit.
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete 4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be
C1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self- determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the
Consolidating Concrete density of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be
C1697 Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementi- determined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch as
tious Materials delivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.4.
C1797 Specification for Ground Calcium Carbonate and The density shall be determined in accordance with Test
Aggregate Mineral Fillers for use in Hydraulic Cement Method C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as the
Concrete average of at least three measurements, one from each of three
C1798/C1798M Specification for Returned Fresh Concrete different transportation units sampled in accordance with
for Use in a New Batch of Ready-Mixed Concrete Practice C172/C172M.
C1866/C1866M Specification for Ground-Glass Pozzolan NOTE 2—It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete
for Use in Concrete may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,
over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement
2.2 ACI Documents:4 of wet mixtures, none of which is the responsibility of the producer.
ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for
Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete 5. Materials
ACI 211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for 5.1 In the absence of designated applicable material
Structural Lightweight Concrete specifications, the following material specifications shall be
ACI 301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete used:
ACI 305.1 Specification for Hot Weather Concreting 5.2 Cementitious Materials:
ACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather Concreting 5.2.1 Hydraulic Cement—Hydraulic cement shall conform
ACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather Concreting to Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M, or
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con- Specification C1157/C1157M.
crete and Commentary
5
NIST Handbook 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances for
, lOMoARcPSD|1286596
C94/C94M − 24
5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious Materials—Coal ash or 6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of discharge
natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. Slag from the transportation unit (see Section 7 for acceptable
cement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silica tolerances),
fume shall conform to Specification C1240. Ground-glass 6.1.4 Total air content at the point of discharge from the
pozzolan shall conform to Specification C1866/C1866M. transportation unit for concrete that will be exposed to cycles
Blended supplementary cementitious materials shall conform of freezing and thawing or anticipated exposure of the concrete
to Specification C1697. (see Section 8 for sampling for air content tests and tolerances).
NOTE 3—Specification C1697 does not apply to the combination of NOTE 7—Table 1 provides total air contents for concrete that vary by
individually batched supplementary cementitious materials during the exposure condition and aggregate size. Total air contents less than those
production of ready-mixed concrete. shown in Table 1 may be specified or used for concrete that is not subject
to freezing and thawing. This may be done to improve workability and
5.3 Aggregates—Normal weight aggregates shall conform cohesiveness, reduce the rate of bleeding, reduce the water content for a
to Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall con- given consistency, or achieve required lightweight concrete density.
form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre- Specified total air contents higher than those shown in Table 1 may reduce
gates shall conform to Specification C637. strength without any further improvement of durability.
Exposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table 1
5.4 Ground Calcium Carbonate and Aggregate Mineral correspond to the following:
Filler—Ground calcium carbonate and aggregate mineral filler Moderate Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but not
shall conform to Specification C1797. in contact with the ground or with limited exposure to water, limiting the
ability to cause saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing.
5.5 Water—Water shall conform to Specification C1602/ The concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals.
C1602M. Examples include: exterior beams, columns, walls, girders, footings below
the frost line, or elevated slabs where application of deicing salt is not
5.6 Admixtures—Chemical admixtures shall conform to anticipated. The air content requirements for this exposure are consistent
Specification C494/C494M. Air-entraining admixtures shall with those for Exposure Class F1 of ACI 318.
conform to Specification C260/C260M. Admixtures to inhibit Severe Exposure—Concrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while in
chloride induced corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete shall contact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water, potentially
causing saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing. The
conform to Specification C1582/C1582M. Pigments for inte- concrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals.
grally colored concrete shall conform to Specification C979/ Examples include: pavements, bridge decks, curbs, gutters, sidewalks,
C979M. canal linings, or exterior water tanks or sumps. The air content require-
NOTE 4—In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining, ments for this exposure are consistent with those for Exposure Classes F2
accelerating, retarding, water-reducing, and high-range water-reducing and F3 of ACI 318.
admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of dosages should be allowed,
which will permit obtaining the desired effect.
6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis
NOTE 5—Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce the
of the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concrete required quality,
of different properties. 6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified, the equilib-
5.7 Returned Fresh Concrete—Returned fresh concrete, rium density,
when permitted by the purchaser, shall conform to Specifica- NOTE 8—The density of fresh concrete is the only measurable density
tion C1798/C1798M. of lightweight concrete at the time of delivery. The density of fresh
concrete is always higher than the equilibrium or oven-dry density.
NOTE 6—Specification C1798/C1798M provides requirements for
Therefore, for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at the
using, measuring, and reporting returned fresh concrete. These require-
point of discharge from the transportation unit, a relationship between the
ments are in addition to those stated herein. The purchaser may further
equilibrium density and density of fresh concrete needs to be established.
clarify which concrete within an order, such as specific mixtures or
Definitions of, and methods for determining or calculating equilibrium
applications, may incorporate returned fresh concrete.
and oven-dry density, are covered by Test Method C567/C567M.
6. Ordering Information 6.1.7 When high-density or heavyweight concrete is
6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specified, the density of fresh concrete, and
specifications, the purchaser’s order shall include the follow- NOTE 9—High-density or heavyweight concrete typically contains
ing: aggregate with a relative density of 3.3 or greater conforming to
6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate, Specification C637. This concrete is used for radiation shielding or other
applications where higher density is required by design. For acceptance of
6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of discharge density at point of discharge from the transportation unit, a relationship
from the transportation unit (see Section 7 for acceptable between the fresh density and the density of hardened concrete required by
tolerances), design should be established.
TABLE 1 Total Air Content for Air-Entrained Concrete Exposed to Cycles of Freezing and Thawing
Total Air Content, %
Exposure Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, mm [in.]
Condition 9.5 [3⁄8 ] 12.5 [1⁄2 ] 19.0 [3⁄4 ] 25.0 [1] 37.5 [11⁄2 ] 50.0 [2] 75.0 [3]
