NTR 313: Human Nutrition 313 Final
Exam With 100% Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
What are the six categories of nutrition? - Answer Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, and water
Nutrients the body cannot manufacture are in the diet. We must consume them. They include: -
Answer Essential Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Certain amino acids—components of protein, nine are essential
Essential fatty acids: linolecic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
Vitamins & minerals
Water
Present in foods and used by the body, but not required in the diet since we can make them
Examples of nonessential nutrients: - Answer Nonessential Nutrients
cholesterol, creatine and glucose
9 Factors that Impact Nutrient Needs - Answer Age
Body size
Gender
Genetic traits
Growth
Illness
Lifestyle habits
Medications
Pregnancy and lactation
Dietary reference intake are ........ they include: - Answer the nutrient intake standards for
healthy they include RDA, AI,UL, & EAR
, Recommended dietary allowance - Answer levels of essential nutrient intake judged to be
adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people (over 98%) while
decreasing the risk of chronic diseases.
AI's (Adequate Intake) - Answer Are tentative RDAs based on less conclusive scientific
information than are the RDA's
Estimated Average Requirement - Answer these are nutrient intake values that are estimated
to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a group. Used to asses adequency of
intakes of population groups.
Upper levels - Answer limits of nutrient intake compatible with health. They do not reflect
desired levels of intake rather they represent total, daily levels of nutrient intake from food,
fortified food, and supplements that should not be exceeded
Daily Values - Answer are standards for daily intakes of nutrients used on nutrition label of
foods.
What is nutrition principle # 4? - Answer Poor nutrition can result from both inadequate and
excessive levels of nutrient intake.
Prolonged inadequate intake results in obvious deficiency diseases.
Overdoses of nutrients (supplements) result in mild to severe alterations in functioning.
The ripple effect - Answer dietary changes introduced to improve intake of one nutrient
affect intake level of other nutrients
What is nutrition principle # 6? - Answer Malnutrition can result from poor diets and from
disease states, genetic factors, or combinations of these causes.
Primary malnutrition— results when a poor nutritional state is dietary in origin
Secondary malnutrition—precipitated by a disease state, surgical procedure, or medication. Ex:
diarrhea, alcoholism, AIDS, and gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
Primary malnutrition - Answer Malnutrition that results from inadequate or excessive dietary
intake of energy or nutrients
Secondary malnutrition - Answer Malnutrition that results from a condition rather than
primarily from dietary intake
Nutrigenomics - Answer study of nutrient-gene interactions and effects of these interactions
on health (also called nutritional genomics)
Exam With 100% Correct Answers
2026-2027 Updated.
What are the six categories of nutrition? - Answer Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, and water
Nutrients the body cannot manufacture are in the diet. We must consume them. They include: -
Answer Essential Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Certain amino acids—components of protein, nine are essential
Essential fatty acids: linolecic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
Vitamins & minerals
Water
Present in foods and used by the body, but not required in the diet since we can make them
Examples of nonessential nutrients: - Answer Nonessential Nutrients
cholesterol, creatine and glucose
9 Factors that Impact Nutrient Needs - Answer Age
Body size
Gender
Genetic traits
Growth
Illness
Lifestyle habits
Medications
Pregnancy and lactation
Dietary reference intake are ........ they include: - Answer the nutrient intake standards for
healthy they include RDA, AI,UL, & EAR
, Recommended dietary allowance - Answer levels of essential nutrient intake judged to be
adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people (over 98%) while
decreasing the risk of chronic diseases.
AI's (Adequate Intake) - Answer Are tentative RDAs based on less conclusive scientific
information than are the RDA's
Estimated Average Requirement - Answer these are nutrient intake values that are estimated
to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a group. Used to asses adequency of
intakes of population groups.
Upper levels - Answer limits of nutrient intake compatible with health. They do not reflect
desired levels of intake rather they represent total, daily levels of nutrient intake from food,
fortified food, and supplements that should not be exceeded
Daily Values - Answer are standards for daily intakes of nutrients used on nutrition label of
foods.
What is nutrition principle # 4? - Answer Poor nutrition can result from both inadequate and
excessive levels of nutrient intake.
Prolonged inadequate intake results in obvious deficiency diseases.
Overdoses of nutrients (supplements) result in mild to severe alterations in functioning.
The ripple effect - Answer dietary changes introduced to improve intake of one nutrient
affect intake level of other nutrients
What is nutrition principle # 6? - Answer Malnutrition can result from poor diets and from
disease states, genetic factors, or combinations of these causes.
Primary malnutrition— results when a poor nutritional state is dietary in origin
Secondary malnutrition—precipitated by a disease state, surgical procedure, or medication. Ex:
diarrhea, alcoholism, AIDS, and gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
Primary malnutrition - Answer Malnutrition that results from inadequate or excessive dietary
intake of energy or nutrients
Secondary malnutrition - Answer Malnutrition that results from a condition rather than
primarily from dietary intake
Nutrigenomics - Answer study of nutrient-gene interactions and effects of these interactions
on health (also called nutritional genomics)
