Nutr 313: Nutrition Exam 2 Study
Guide Questions All Answered
Correctly 2026 Updated.
811 men and women - New England Journal of medicine - Answer low fat, avg protein - high
carb; low fat, high protein - avg carb; high fat avg protein - low carb; high fat, high protein -
lower carb; 6 months, lost avg 13 pounds; 2 years - maintained 9 pound loss; main finding -
none were statistically significant; best indicator of success - going to meetings; pick the diet
that works for you!
Added sugar - Answer most women should limit sugar intake to 100 calories or about 6
teaspoons/day; men 9 teaspoons or about 150 calories/day; America is eating about 475
calories per person per day of added sugars; equal to 30 teaspoons of sugar/day; no adult
except those who are extremely physically active can consume that much added sugar - only
athletes like Michael Phelps
Added sugars and obesity - Answer Americans are fatter: greater consumption of calories;
reduction of physical activity; percent of fat consumption has gone down, but amount of
calories has increased. Amount of fat has stayed about the same, percentage, dropped; daily
occupation physical activity has reduced by at least 100 calories/day; epidemiological studies
reported inverse relationship between carbohydrate consumption and fat: more fiber? -
healthier diet overall; if consume a lot of rice or other staple foods; only correlations
animals - Answer saturated fat
bacterial in large intestine - Answer can digest fiber, but nutrients are absorbed in small
intestine
biggest contributor of protein to the diet - Answer beef, poultry, milk,
bile - Answer produced in liver, stored in gall bladder; is an emulsifier - allows fats to enter
cells to be broken down
body regulation of glucose - Answer insulin and glucagon; insulin brings glucose into cells;
glucagon breaks glycogen into glucose
body uses glucose - Answer first for energy; second for protein; third as fat
can turn - Answer glucose to fats, but not fats to glucose
, carbohydrate digestion - Answer begins in mouth, stops in the stomach, begins in intestine;
sugar is split to yield monosaccharides, which are absorbed in small intestine
Carbohydrates to Glucose Digestion & Absorption - Answer Starch and disaccharides are
broken down - Monosaccharides for absorption: Starch :Begins in the mouth; Digestion stops in
the stomach ; Digestion resumes in small intestine
cell membrane - Answer phospholipid bilayer - hydrophilic ends on outside, fatty acids on
inside
cellulose - Answer fiber - bonds cannot be digested by human enzymes - excreted
cholesterol production - Answer based on genetics
cholesterol - Answer key component of bile;
classes of lipids - Answer triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
complementary proteins - Answer need all amino acids in specific amounts; rice plus beans -
get enough of each
complex vs simple carbohydrates - Answer simple sugars: monosaccharide and disaccharide;
complex - polysaccharide - starch and fiber
contributors to saturated fats: - Answer cheese is #1 contributor to saturated fat; beef #2;
milk #3; oils #4
conversion - Answer protein (amino acids) can convert to glucose but glucose doesn't have
nitrogen
denaturing proteins - Answer heat or low ph denatures proteins - protein doesn't function;
changes structure;
Diabetes Mellitus - Answer prediabetes- blood glucose is elevated but not at point of
diabetes, millions of Americans are at this phase; importance of testing: fasting plasma glucose
test; perils of diabetes: toxic effects of excess glucose, inflammation, poor circulation -
amputations heart disease/effects, eyes affected, kidneys
Guide Questions All Answered
Correctly 2026 Updated.
811 men and women - New England Journal of medicine - Answer low fat, avg protein - high
carb; low fat, high protein - avg carb; high fat avg protein - low carb; high fat, high protein -
lower carb; 6 months, lost avg 13 pounds; 2 years - maintained 9 pound loss; main finding -
none were statistically significant; best indicator of success - going to meetings; pick the diet
that works for you!
Added sugar - Answer most women should limit sugar intake to 100 calories or about 6
teaspoons/day; men 9 teaspoons or about 150 calories/day; America is eating about 475
calories per person per day of added sugars; equal to 30 teaspoons of sugar/day; no adult
except those who are extremely physically active can consume that much added sugar - only
athletes like Michael Phelps
Added sugars and obesity - Answer Americans are fatter: greater consumption of calories;
reduction of physical activity; percent of fat consumption has gone down, but amount of
calories has increased. Amount of fat has stayed about the same, percentage, dropped; daily
occupation physical activity has reduced by at least 100 calories/day; epidemiological studies
reported inverse relationship between carbohydrate consumption and fat: more fiber? -
healthier diet overall; if consume a lot of rice or other staple foods; only correlations
animals - Answer saturated fat
bacterial in large intestine - Answer can digest fiber, but nutrients are absorbed in small
intestine
biggest contributor of protein to the diet - Answer beef, poultry, milk,
bile - Answer produced in liver, stored in gall bladder; is an emulsifier - allows fats to enter
cells to be broken down
body regulation of glucose - Answer insulin and glucagon; insulin brings glucose into cells;
glucagon breaks glycogen into glucose
body uses glucose - Answer first for energy; second for protein; third as fat
can turn - Answer glucose to fats, but not fats to glucose
, carbohydrate digestion - Answer begins in mouth, stops in the stomach, begins in intestine;
sugar is split to yield monosaccharides, which are absorbed in small intestine
Carbohydrates to Glucose Digestion & Absorption - Answer Starch and disaccharides are
broken down - Monosaccharides for absorption: Starch :Begins in the mouth; Digestion stops in
the stomach ; Digestion resumes in small intestine
cell membrane - Answer phospholipid bilayer - hydrophilic ends on outside, fatty acids on
inside
cellulose - Answer fiber - bonds cannot be digested by human enzymes - excreted
cholesterol production - Answer based on genetics
cholesterol - Answer key component of bile;
classes of lipids - Answer triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
complementary proteins - Answer need all amino acids in specific amounts; rice plus beans -
get enough of each
complex vs simple carbohydrates - Answer simple sugars: monosaccharide and disaccharide;
complex - polysaccharide - starch and fiber
contributors to saturated fats: - Answer cheese is #1 contributor to saturated fat; beef #2;
milk #3; oils #4
conversion - Answer protein (amino acids) can convert to glucose but glucose doesn't have
nitrogen
denaturing proteins - Answer heat or low ph denatures proteins - protein doesn't function;
changes structure;
Diabetes Mellitus - Answer prediabetes- blood glucose is elevated but not at point of
diabetes, millions of Americans are at this phase; importance of testing: fasting plasma glucose
test; perils of diabetes: toxic effects of excess glucose, inflammation, poor circulation -
amputations heart disease/effects, eyes affected, kidneys
