Nutrition 313 Exam 1 And The
Nutrients: Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers.
What are DRIs and who are they used for? - Answer DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) are used
to assess the nutritional adequacy of individuals as well as populations (healthy people)
What are the 4 standards under the umbrella of DRIs and what do they determine? - Answer
- RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance): used to ensure adequate intake of a nutrient in an
individual, decrease risk of certain chronic diseases
- AI (Adequate Intake): used to assess nutrient adequacy when no RDA is set (tentative RDA's)
- EAR (Estimated Average Requirement): estimated values to meet requirements of half the
healthy individuals in a group, used to assess adequacy of intakes of population groups
- UL (Tolerable Upper Intake): used to assess the likelihood of nutrient excess or level in which a
nutrient becomes toxic
What is the ripple effect? - Answer dietary changes introduced to improve intake of one
nutrient affect intake levels of other nutrients
What are the 7 steps in developing a deficiency? - Answer 1. Inadequate nutrient intake
2. Depletion of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Decreased blood nutrient level
4. Insufficient nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
6. Physical signs and symptoms of deficiency
7. Long-term impairment of health
What are the 7 steps in developing toxicity of a nutrient? - Answer 1. Excessive nutrient
intake
2. Saturation of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Increased blood nutrient level
4. Excessive nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
,6. Physical signs and symptoms of toxicity
7. Long-term impairment of health
What is daily values? (DVs) - Answer daily values are standards for daily intakes of nutrients
used on a nutrition label (based on intakes of 2000 cals per day in adults and children aged 4
and up)
Is the DV for proteins required? - Answer no, only if the product makes a protein claim or the
product is used for children or infants less than 4 years of age
How are the ingredients on a food label listed? - Answer ingredients are listed in descending
order of weight
What's the rule for Daily Value Quick Guide? - Answer 5% or less is too low and 20% or higher
is too much
What is enrichment? - Answer refined grain products have added thiamin, niacin, riboflavin,
and iron
What is fortification? - Answer addition of any other nutrient
ex. refined flour--> folic acid
milk-->vitamin D
low-fat and skim milk-->vitamins A and D
some salt-->iodine
What 4 micronutrients are on food labels and why? - Answer - Vitamin A, Calcium, Vitamin C,
Iron
- getting enough of these nutrients can improve overall health and may reduce the risk of
several chronic diseases
What are herbal remedies considered as by the FDA, and what's the concern behind them? -
Answer - dietary supplements
- some act as drugs, have side effects; vary in their safety and effectiveness
Whats another name for functional foods, and what are they? - Answer - nutraceuticals
, - foods made "functional" by removing harmful or increasing beneficial substances
ex. removing cholesterol from egg yolks, adding calcium and vitamin C to orange juice; or
adding beneficial compounds like friendly bacteria (probiotics)
What is a prebiotic? - Answer fiber-like, ingestible CHO broken down by bacteria (wheat,
barely, onions, garlic)
What is a probiotic? - Answer live, beneficial bacteria entering food during fermentation and
aging (fermented or aged milk and milk products; other fermented products like soy sauce)
What is community-level assessment? - Answer - assessing a communities "state of
nutritional health"
-uses vital statistics data, surveys, and observations
- can be used to develop community-wide nutrition programs
What is individual-level assessment? - Answer - clinical/physical assessment
- dietary assessment
- anthropometric assessment
- biochemical assessment
Why are clinical/physical assessments important? - Answer visual inspection for features that
may be related to malnutrition
What do dietary assessments consist of? - Answer - 24-hour recall of feed records
- dietary history
- food frequency questionnaires
- resources; instruments and computer software
What is the USDA automated multiple pass method and the 5 steps? - Answer -
computerized , interactive method to collect 24 hr recalls
- used in government-sponsored nutrition studies
1. the quick list
2. the forgotten foods
3. time and occasion list
4. the detail cycle
5. final probe review
Nutrients: Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers.
What are DRIs and who are they used for? - Answer DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes) are used
to assess the nutritional adequacy of individuals as well as populations (healthy people)
What are the 4 standards under the umbrella of DRIs and what do they determine? - Answer
- RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance): used to ensure adequate intake of a nutrient in an
individual, decrease risk of certain chronic diseases
- AI (Adequate Intake): used to assess nutrient adequacy when no RDA is set (tentative RDA's)
- EAR (Estimated Average Requirement): estimated values to meet requirements of half the
healthy individuals in a group, used to assess adequacy of intakes of population groups
- UL (Tolerable Upper Intake): used to assess the likelihood of nutrient excess or level in which a
nutrient becomes toxic
What is the ripple effect? - Answer dietary changes introduced to improve intake of one
nutrient affect intake levels of other nutrients
What are the 7 steps in developing a deficiency? - Answer 1. Inadequate nutrient intake
2. Depletion of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Decreased blood nutrient level
4. Insufficient nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
6. Physical signs and symptoms of deficiency
7. Long-term impairment of health
What are the 7 steps in developing toxicity of a nutrient? - Answer 1. Excessive nutrient
intake
2. Saturation of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Increased blood nutrient level
4. Excessive nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
,6. Physical signs and symptoms of toxicity
7. Long-term impairment of health
What is daily values? (DVs) - Answer daily values are standards for daily intakes of nutrients
used on a nutrition label (based on intakes of 2000 cals per day in adults and children aged 4
and up)
Is the DV for proteins required? - Answer no, only if the product makes a protein claim or the
product is used for children or infants less than 4 years of age
How are the ingredients on a food label listed? - Answer ingredients are listed in descending
order of weight
What's the rule for Daily Value Quick Guide? - Answer 5% or less is too low and 20% or higher
is too much
What is enrichment? - Answer refined grain products have added thiamin, niacin, riboflavin,
and iron
What is fortification? - Answer addition of any other nutrient
ex. refined flour--> folic acid
milk-->vitamin D
low-fat and skim milk-->vitamins A and D
some salt-->iodine
What 4 micronutrients are on food labels and why? - Answer - Vitamin A, Calcium, Vitamin C,
Iron
- getting enough of these nutrients can improve overall health and may reduce the risk of
several chronic diseases
What are herbal remedies considered as by the FDA, and what's the concern behind them? -
Answer - dietary supplements
- some act as drugs, have side effects; vary in their safety and effectiveness
Whats another name for functional foods, and what are they? - Answer - nutraceuticals
, - foods made "functional" by removing harmful or increasing beneficial substances
ex. removing cholesterol from egg yolks, adding calcium and vitamin C to orange juice; or
adding beneficial compounds like friendly bacteria (probiotics)
What is a prebiotic? - Answer fiber-like, ingestible CHO broken down by bacteria (wheat,
barely, onions, garlic)
What is a probiotic? - Answer live, beneficial bacteria entering food during fermentation and
aging (fermented or aged milk and milk products; other fermented products like soy sauce)
What is community-level assessment? - Answer - assessing a communities "state of
nutritional health"
-uses vital statistics data, surveys, and observations
- can be used to develop community-wide nutrition programs
What is individual-level assessment? - Answer - clinical/physical assessment
- dietary assessment
- anthropometric assessment
- biochemical assessment
Why are clinical/physical assessments important? - Answer visual inspection for features that
may be related to malnutrition
What do dietary assessments consist of? - Answer - 24-hour recall of feed records
- dietary history
- food frequency questionnaires
- resources; instruments and computer software
What is the USDA automated multiple pass method and the 5 steps? - Answer -
computerized , interactive method to collect 24 hr recalls
- used in government-sponsored nutrition studies
1. the quick list
2. the forgotten foods
3. time and occasion list
4. the detail cycle
5. final probe review
