VERIFED ACE THE TEST
** LEC 8 chemical kinetics - ANSWER ✔✔study of reaction rates and
how fast rxns turn into products
reaction mechanisms - ANSWER ✔✔steps for a reaction to occur
The series of elementary reactions or steps that take place during the
course of a complex reaction
reaction rates - ANSWER ✔✔a measure of how quickly reactants
turn into products
,rate= change in concentration/time, M/s
aA + bB --> cC
rate= (-1/a)(ΔA/ΔT) = (-1/b)(ΔB/ΔT) = (1/c)(ΔC/ΔT)
* note that reactants are negative because they decrease, products are
positive as they are being made
factors affecting reaction rates - ANSWER ✔✔concentration of
reactants- higher concentration= more collisions= higher rate of rxn
temperature- higher temp= more KE= more collisions = increased rate
physical state of reactants- solids react faster when they are in small
pieces= more surface area= more collision sites= more collisions=
increased rxn rate
,presence of catalyst- lowers activation energy= provides alternative
pathwa
Light/wavelength- certain rxns require specific energy from light. short
wavelength= higher nrg= more collisions= increased rxn rate
orientation- molecules must collide in the correct orientation in order to
proceed with the reaction
rate law versus reaction rate - ANSWER ✔✔Reaction Rate:
How fast a reaction occurs, Change in concentration over time
Rate= (−Δ[A])/(Δt)
Units: M/s, It is a number, Changes as the reaction proceeds
Rate Law:
Equation showing how rate depends on concentration
Rate=k[A]^m[B]^n
Includes k (rate constant), Includes exponents (reaction order),
Determined experimentally, It is an equation
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, integrated rate law - ANSWER ✔✔!!!!!! IDK THIS WATCH A VIDE
half life - ANSWER ✔✔symbolized by t 1/2
time required for [B] to drop from its initial value [B]0 to [B] 0/2
If you start with 1.0 M:
After 1 half-life → 0.50 M
After 2 half-lives → 0.25 M
After 3 half-lives → 0.125 M
depends on rxn order...
zero order: t 1/2 = [A]0/2k (depends on initial concentration)
first order: t 1/2 = 0.693/k (constant, independent of initial conc.)
second order: t 1/2 = 1/k[A]0 (depends on initial, increases as rxn
proceeds)
Arrhenius equation - ANSWER ✔✔!!!