Phonemes - ANSWER the smallest individual sounds in a word
Phonetics - ANSWER the sounds of human speech
Phonology - ANSWER the systematic organization of sounds in language
Phonics - ANSWER the relationship between symbols of an alphabetic writing system and
sounds of a language
Morphology - ANSWER the study of forms of words; this includes prefixes, roots, and
suffixes.
Morphemes - ANSWER -are a combination of sounds that have meaning in speech or
writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts.
-are the smallest units of meaning in a word
Orthography - ANSWER the conventions for proper spelling in a language
Syntax - ANSWER rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases,
clauses, and sentences
Semantics - ANSWER the study of word or symbol meaning
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, Pragmatics - ANSWER the study of language in use, not in its structure; or the
appropriate use of language
Segmentation - ANSWER refers to recognizing the boundaries between words, syllables,
or phonemes in spoken language
Precommunicative spelling - - ANSWER when students use scribble shapes and
sometimes letter-like shapes for spelling words but are unable to make the forms
Semiphonetic spelling - ANSWER when children have some letter awareness. They may
spell a lengthy word with a few letters, spelling play as "pa" or talk as "tk"
Phonetic spelling - ANSWER when students spell the way they hear the word pronounced
such as "wuz" for was or "uv" for of. This is also known as "invented spelling.
Transitional spelling - ANSWER when students use some conventional spelling but still
misspell many irregular words
Conventional spelling - ANSWER when children know and use most basic spelling rules
and spell most words correctly. They can often recognize misspelled words, which is a
tremendous help in editing either their own or others' writing drafts.
Process of learning - spelling - ANSWER 1. Precommunicative spelling
2. Semiphonetic spelling
3. Phonetic spelling
4. Transitional spelling
5. Conventional spelling
Which of the following practices by a prekindergarten teacher best reflects an assets-based
approach to reading instruction? - ANSWER planning instruction in various areas of
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