NSG120 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
HESI EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Which term would be used when a maternal copy of a gene is
randomly chosen for an activation in some somatic cells and the
paternal copy of a genius randomly chosen for an activation in other
somatic cells?
A. Biallelic
B. Monoallelic
C. Imprinting
D. Totipotence - ANSWERS-B. Monoallelic
Which stage is second for a person who's experiencing stress,
according to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Adaptation
C. Exhaustion
D. Allostatic overload - ANSWERS-B. Adaptation
Which statement describes the calculation of relative risk for a
disease?
A. Increased rate of the disease among individuals exposed to a risk
factor divided by incident rate among those not exposed to the risk
factor
,B. Increase rate of the disease among individual individuals exposed
to a risk factor divided by prevalence of the disease among those not
exposed to the risk factor
C. Increased rate of disease among individuals exposed to or more
risk factors divided by incidents rate among those exposed to one or
zero risk factors
D. Increase rate of disease among individuals exposed to two or more
risk factors divided by prevalence of the disease among those exposed
to one or zero risk factors - ANSWERS-A. Increased rate of the
disease among individual exposed to a risk factor divided by
incidence rate among those not exposed to the risk factor
Which type of cancer is increased when there is polymorphism of
chromosome 8q24? Select all that apply
A. Liver cancer
B. Breast cancer
C. Colon cancer
D. Prostate cancer
E. Pancreatic cancer
F. Esophageal cancer - ANSWERS-C. Colon cancer
D. Prostate cancer
E. Pancreatic cancer
F. Esophageal cancer
Which term would the nurse use to describe a triplet of base pairs that
codes for a specific amino acid to a peer?
,A. Codon
B. Protein
C. Nucleotide
D. Chromosome - ANSWERS-A. Codon
Which guidance with the nurse offer when educating a pregnant
person about congenital malformations?
A. "Knowing your health history is important to us because infection,
such as rubella can cause congenital heart defects in your child."
B. "You can prevent congenital malformations by avoiding certain
foods and medications. I'll provide you with a list for your reference."
C. "The use of topical salicylic acid for acne has the same high risk of
causing congenital heart malformations as retinitis acid."
D. "Congenital malformation are caused by genetic factors. You can't
reduce your risk, but it's important to be educated and make informed
choices." - ANSWERS-A. "Knowing your health history is important
to us because infections such as rubella can cause congenital heart
defects in your child"
Which finding is characteristic of the rash in a child who has rubella?
A. Koplik spots appear before the rash develops
B. A "slapped-cheek" look appears before the rash develops
C. The rash develops on the face, with spread to the trunk and
extremities
D. The rash develops primarily on the trunk, then spreads to the
extremities - ANSWERS-C. "The rash develops on the face, with
spread to the trunk and extremities"
, Which response would the nurse give when asked to describe the
meaning of adaptive immunity?
A. "Each individual T or B cell recognizes only one specific antigen."
B. "The effectiveness of an immune response changes with the
person's age."
C. "It reacts to many different antigens, providing a nonspecific
response."
D. "Immune cells atrophy or hypertrophy, depending on how much
these cells are needed." - ANSWERS-A. "Each individual T or B cell
recognizes only one specific antigen"
Which term would the nurse use to describe when a person has self-
antigens that do not elicit an immune response?
A. Tolerance
B. Antibody
C. Immunogen
D. Active immunity - ANSWERS-A. Tolerance
Which assessment finding of dehydration with a nurse observed in an
infant who has a significant water deficit? Select all that apply
A. Sunken fontanels
B. Increased skin turgor
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Decrease urine volume
E. Increased blood pressure - ANSWERS-A. Sunken fontanels
HESI EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
Which term would be used when a maternal copy of a gene is
randomly chosen for an activation in some somatic cells and the
paternal copy of a genius randomly chosen for an activation in other
somatic cells?
A. Biallelic
B. Monoallelic
C. Imprinting
D. Totipotence - ANSWERS-B. Monoallelic
Which stage is second for a person who's experiencing stress,
according to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome?
A. Alarm
B. Adaptation
C. Exhaustion
D. Allostatic overload - ANSWERS-B. Adaptation
Which statement describes the calculation of relative risk for a
disease?
A. Increased rate of the disease among individuals exposed to a risk
factor divided by incident rate among those not exposed to the risk
factor
,B. Increase rate of the disease among individual individuals exposed
to a risk factor divided by prevalence of the disease among those not
exposed to the risk factor
C. Increased rate of disease among individuals exposed to or more
risk factors divided by incidents rate among those exposed to one or
zero risk factors
D. Increase rate of disease among individuals exposed to two or more
risk factors divided by prevalence of the disease among those exposed
to one or zero risk factors - ANSWERS-A. Increased rate of the
disease among individual exposed to a risk factor divided by
incidence rate among those not exposed to the risk factor
Which type of cancer is increased when there is polymorphism of
chromosome 8q24? Select all that apply
A. Liver cancer
B. Breast cancer
C. Colon cancer
D. Prostate cancer
E. Pancreatic cancer
F. Esophageal cancer - ANSWERS-C. Colon cancer
D. Prostate cancer
E. Pancreatic cancer
F. Esophageal cancer
Which term would the nurse use to describe a triplet of base pairs that
codes for a specific amino acid to a peer?
,A. Codon
B. Protein
C. Nucleotide
D. Chromosome - ANSWERS-A. Codon
Which guidance with the nurse offer when educating a pregnant
person about congenital malformations?
A. "Knowing your health history is important to us because infection,
such as rubella can cause congenital heart defects in your child."
B. "You can prevent congenital malformations by avoiding certain
foods and medications. I'll provide you with a list for your reference."
C. "The use of topical salicylic acid for acne has the same high risk of
causing congenital heart malformations as retinitis acid."
D. "Congenital malformation are caused by genetic factors. You can't
reduce your risk, but it's important to be educated and make informed
choices." - ANSWERS-A. "Knowing your health history is important
to us because infections such as rubella can cause congenital heart
defects in your child"
Which finding is characteristic of the rash in a child who has rubella?
A. Koplik spots appear before the rash develops
B. A "slapped-cheek" look appears before the rash develops
C. The rash develops on the face, with spread to the trunk and
extremities
D. The rash develops primarily on the trunk, then spreads to the
extremities - ANSWERS-C. "The rash develops on the face, with
spread to the trunk and extremities"
, Which response would the nurse give when asked to describe the
meaning of adaptive immunity?
A. "Each individual T or B cell recognizes only one specific antigen."
B. "The effectiveness of an immune response changes with the
person's age."
C. "It reacts to many different antigens, providing a nonspecific
response."
D. "Immune cells atrophy or hypertrophy, depending on how much
these cells are needed." - ANSWERS-A. "Each individual T or B cell
recognizes only one specific antigen"
Which term would the nurse use to describe when a person has self-
antigens that do not elicit an immune response?
A. Tolerance
B. Antibody
C. Immunogen
D. Active immunity - ANSWERS-A. Tolerance
Which assessment finding of dehydration with a nurse observed in an
infant who has a significant water deficit? Select all that apply
A. Sunken fontanels
B. Increased skin turgor
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Decrease urine volume
E. Increased blood pressure - ANSWERS-A. Sunken fontanels
