SCRN REVIEW Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! Instant Download Pdf

SCRN REVIEW Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace Exams Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!! Instant Download Pdf 1. The Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) arises from which vessel, and what structures does it supply? A Arises from the ICA; supplies the frontal and parietal lobes B Arises from the basilar artery; supplies the occipital lobe, midbrain, thalamus, pineal gland, choroid plexus, and corpus callosum C Arises from the MCA; supplies the temporal lobe and basal ganglia D Arises from the ACA; supplies the medial frontal lobe and cingulate gyrus The PCA arises from the basilar artery (at the top of the basilar — the 'basilar tip') and supplies: the occipital lobe (visual cortex), midbrain, thalamus, pineal gland, choroid plexus, and splenium of the corpus callosum. Its territory explains why PCA strokes cause visual and midbrain syndromes. 2. The Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) supplies which region of the brain? A The posterior medulla and inferior vermis B The anterior inferior parts of the cerebellum C The superior cerebellar surface and dentate nucleus D The pons and middle cerebellar peduncle exclusively The AICA (Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery) feeds the anterior inferior portions of the cerebellum, as well as portions of the lateral pons and inner ear (via the labyrinthine artery — a branch of AICA). This explains why AICA strokes cause Lateral Pontine Syndrome with prominent hearing loss and vestibular symptoms. 3. What structures does the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) supply? A Anterior pons and middle cerebellar peduncle B Cerebellum, superior section of the medulla, choroid plexus, and fourth ventricle C Occipital lobe and posterior corpus callosum D Thalamus and internal capsule PICA (Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery) — the largest branch of the vertebral artery — supplies: the inferior and posterior cerebellum, the superior (lateral) portion of the medulla, the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle. PICA strokes cause Wallenberg (Lateral Medullary) Syndrome due to medullary involvement. 4. How is the basilar artery formed and what does it supply? A Formed by fusion of the internal carotid arteries; supplies the cerebral hemispheres B Formed by fusion of the two vertebral arteries; supplies the brainstem (medulla and pons) and gives rise to the posterior cerebral arteries C Formed by the circle of Willis; supplies the entire posterior fossa D Formed by fusion of the ACAs; supplies the medial frontal lobes The basilar artery is formed by the union of the two vertebral arteries at the pontomedullary junction. It travels rostrally along the ventral pons and gives off the AICA, superior cerebellar arteries (SCA), and terminates by bifurcating into the two posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). It supplies the brainstem (pons and medulla) and posterior cerebrum. 5. What region does the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) primarily supply? A. Majority of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes and basal ganglia B. The medial portions of the frontal and parietal lobes and the corpus callosum C. The occipital lobe and thalamus D. The posterior limb of the internal capsule and putamen The ACA supplies the medial (interhemispheric) portions of the frontal and parietal lobes — representing the motor and sensory cortex for the lower extremities — as well as the corpus callosum. Because of its medial territory, ACA strokes preferentially affect leg function over arm function. 6. What territory does the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) supply, and how is it segmented? A. Medial frontal and parietal lobes; divided into P1–P4 B. Majority of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, and internal capsule; divided into M1–M4 C. Occipital lobe and cerebellum; divided into M1–M3 D. Thalamus and brainstem; not segmented The MCA is the largest cerebral artery and supplies the majority of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, the basal ganglia, and the internal capsule. It is divided into segments M1 (sphenoidal), M2 (insular), M3 (opercular), and M4 (cortical). MCA strokes are the most clinically common and produce the most extensive deficits. 7. A patient presents with contralateral homonymous hemianopia and visual agnosia following a stroke. Which artery is most likely involved? A. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) B. Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) C. Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) D. Basilar artery PCA stroke symptoms are explained by its territory: homonymous hemianopia (contralateral — occipital lobe infarction destroys the visual cortex), visual agnosia (inability to interpret visual information — temporal-occipital junction), Weber's Syndrome (ipsilateral CN III palsy + contralateral hemiplegia — midbrain involvement), and Parinaud's Syndrome (dorsal midbrain compression affecting vertical gaze). 8. Which stroke syndrome is defined by impaired upward gaze, convergence-retraction nystagmus, and primary conjugate downward gaze? A. Wallenberg Syndrome B. Weber's Syndrome C. Millard-Gubler Syndrome D Parinaud's Syndrome Parinaud's Syndrome (dorsal midbrain syndrome) results from damage to the superior colliculus and pretectal area — structures supplied by the PCA. Classic triad: (1) impaired upgaze, (2) convergence-retraction nystagmus on attempted upgaze, (3) light-near dissociation of pupils. It occurs in PCA/midbrain strokes, pineal tumors, and hydrocephalus. 9. Weber's Syndrome results from infarction of which vessel and produces which combination of deficits? A. MCA infarction — contralateral facial droop and arm weakness B. PICA infarction — ipsilateral face and contralateral body sensory loss C. ACA infarction — bilateral leg weakness and urinary incontinence D. PCA/midbrain infarction — ipsilateral CN III palsy (ptosis, mydriasis, exotropia) and contralateral hemiplegia Weber's Syndrome occurs from midbrain infarction (supplied by PCA). The CN III fascicles and corticospinal tract travel adjacent in the midbrain — infarction here produces: ipsilateral oculomotor palsy (ptosis, dilated pupil, 'down and out' eye) from CN III fascicle damage, PLUS contralateral hemiplegia from corticospinal tract damage. 10. A patient presents with vertigo, vomiting, nystagmus, falling toward the side of the lesion, ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral facial sensory loss, and ipsilateral hearing loss. Which syndrome and artery are involved? A. Wallenberg Syndrome — PICA B. Lateral Pontine Syndrome — AICA C. Locked-in Syndrome — Basilar artery D. Millard-Gubler Syndrome — Basilar artery AICA stroke causes Lateral Pontine Syndrome because AICA supplies the lateral pons and inner ear. Key features: vertigo/vomiting/nystagmus (vestibular nuclei), ipsilateral facial weakness (CN VII nucleus), ipsilateral facial numbness (CN V in pons), ipsilateral hearing loss (CN VIII / labyrinthine artery), and falling toward the lesion (cerebellar involvement).