LOCAL ANESTHESIA UPDATED 2026 TEST ALL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔what is the most common type of anesthesia involved in paesthesia? - ✔✔1.
articaine (septocaine)
2. prilocaine w/ epi
✔✔what are the different types of topical anesthetic? - ✔✔1. benzocaine (ester)
2. lidocaine (amide)
3. DentiPatch (lidocaine patch)
4. Tetracaine (ester)
5. EMLA (Oraqix)
✔✔what is the benzocaine topical anesthetic concentration - ✔✔most are 20%
✔✔what is the lidocaine topical anesthetic concentration? - ✔✔2% gel
✔✔what is the DentiPatch (lidocaine patch) concentration? - ✔✔5%
✔✔what is the Tetracaine concentration - ✔✔2% gel (be cautious with amount due to
toxicity)
, ✔✔what is the concentration of EMLA (oraqix)? - ✔✔2.5% prilocaine and 2.5%
lidocaine
✔✔what are the different types of vasopressors used in the U.S? - ✔✔epinephrine
(1:50,000, 1:100,000, and 1:200,000)
Neo-cobefrin (levonordefrin) (1:20,000)
*** norepinephrine (levarterenol) is not used in the US***
✔✔what are the concerns with vasopressors? - ✔✔1. sulfite hypersensitivity
2. non-selective beta-blockers
3. tricyclic antidepressants (arrhythmias)
4. CAD (ischemic heart disease)
5. poorly controlled hyeprtension
6. hyperthyroidism (contraindication)
7. stimulants (drugs for ADHD, cocaine, meth, supplements for weight loss)
*** MAO inhibitors not a concern; only a concern in patients receiving non-
catecholamine adrenergic agents -- EX: ephedrine
✔✔what is the dendritic zone? - ✔✔area of free sensory nerve endings
✔✔what is an axon? - ✔✔single nerve fiber made up of neural cytoplasm (axoplasm)
✔✔what are possible causes of a burning sensation during injection? - ✔✔pH of the
solution, temperature of solution, rate of injection, or contamination
✔✔post-op trismus is usually due to what? - ✔✔trauma or hemorrhage -- avoidable
causes include multiple injections to same site, excessive volume to site, or
contaminated solutions
✔✔what is the biggest risk/side effect to hematoma? - ✔✔inconvenience to patient and
embarrassment to clinician
✔✔what is the cause of post-op tissue sloughing? - ✔✔too much vasoconstricor to
small surface area, also can be caused by over-use of topical in small area
✔✔psychogenic responses such as vaso-vagal syncope during /after injection are
related to what? - ✔✔stress/pain of local anesthetic administration NOT due to the
action of the anesthetic
✔✔what are the signs of anesthetic toxicity? - ✔✔vertigo, nausea, and muscle twitching
✔✔what are anesthetic alternatives if the patient is allergic to both amides and esters? -
✔✔diphenhydramine (benadryl) this does have inferior effectiveness though
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔what is the most common type of anesthesia involved in paesthesia? - ✔✔1.
articaine (septocaine)
2. prilocaine w/ epi
✔✔what are the different types of topical anesthetic? - ✔✔1. benzocaine (ester)
2. lidocaine (amide)
3. DentiPatch (lidocaine patch)
4. Tetracaine (ester)
5. EMLA (Oraqix)
✔✔what is the benzocaine topical anesthetic concentration - ✔✔most are 20%
✔✔what is the lidocaine topical anesthetic concentration? - ✔✔2% gel
✔✔what is the DentiPatch (lidocaine patch) concentration? - ✔✔5%
✔✔what is the Tetracaine concentration - ✔✔2% gel (be cautious with amount due to
toxicity)
, ✔✔what is the concentration of EMLA (oraqix)? - ✔✔2.5% prilocaine and 2.5%
lidocaine
✔✔what are the different types of vasopressors used in the U.S? - ✔✔epinephrine
(1:50,000, 1:100,000, and 1:200,000)
Neo-cobefrin (levonordefrin) (1:20,000)
*** norepinephrine (levarterenol) is not used in the US***
✔✔what are the concerns with vasopressors? - ✔✔1. sulfite hypersensitivity
2. non-selective beta-blockers
3. tricyclic antidepressants (arrhythmias)
4. CAD (ischemic heart disease)
5. poorly controlled hyeprtension
6. hyperthyroidism (contraindication)
7. stimulants (drugs for ADHD, cocaine, meth, supplements for weight loss)
*** MAO inhibitors not a concern; only a concern in patients receiving non-
catecholamine adrenergic agents -- EX: ephedrine
✔✔what is the dendritic zone? - ✔✔area of free sensory nerve endings
✔✔what is an axon? - ✔✔single nerve fiber made up of neural cytoplasm (axoplasm)
✔✔what are possible causes of a burning sensation during injection? - ✔✔pH of the
solution, temperature of solution, rate of injection, or contamination
✔✔post-op trismus is usually due to what? - ✔✔trauma or hemorrhage -- avoidable
causes include multiple injections to same site, excessive volume to site, or
contaminated solutions
✔✔what is the biggest risk/side effect to hematoma? - ✔✔inconvenience to patient and
embarrassment to clinician
✔✔what is the cause of post-op tissue sloughing? - ✔✔too much vasoconstricor to
small surface area, also can be caused by over-use of topical in small area
✔✔psychogenic responses such as vaso-vagal syncope during /after injection are
related to what? - ✔✔stress/pain of local anesthetic administration NOT due to the
action of the anesthetic
✔✔what are the signs of anesthetic toxicity? - ✔✔vertigo, nausea, and muscle twitching
✔✔what are anesthetic alternatives if the patient is allergic to both amides and esters? -
✔✔diphenhydramine (benadryl) this does have inferior effectiveness though
