NSCA CSCS CHAPTER 1 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Most prominant type of muscle in the body?Approximation of number muscles incthe body? -
Answers Skeletal
430
Epimeysium - Answers Outer layer of connective tissue in the body
Periosteum - Answers Specialized connective tissue covering all bones
Muscle cells or ___________, are? - Answers Fibers, long cylindrical cells 50 to 100 mewm in
diameter
Fasiculi - Answers The grouping of muscle fibers surrounded by the perimysium
Endomysium - Answers Layer of connective tissue surrounding each individual fiber, which is
surrounded by the sarcolemma membrane
Motor Neuron - Answers Nerve Cell
Motor Unit - Answers Motor Neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Sarcoplasm - Answers The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber, contains contractile components, consisting
of protein filaments, other proteins, glycogen, fat particles, enzymes and specialized organelles like
mitochondria
Hundreds of ______________ dominate the sarcoplasm - Answers Myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - Answers Intricate system of T Tubules, with vessicles that store Ca+
Sliding Filament Theory - Answers States that Actin and Myosin interact pulling the Z lines towards
the center of the sarcomere
Troponin - Answers Protein on Actin with a high affinity for calcium
Tropomyosin - Answers Runs along the side of actin and is exposed via the interaction of calcium with
troponin, allowing contraction
All or none principle - Answers Once a action potential reaches threshold it
Proprioceptors - Answers Specilized sensory receptors located within joints muscles and tendons that
relay sensitive pressure and tension information to the subconsious which then acts to recruit
muscles for posture/balance
Muscle Spindles - Answers Proprioceptors that consist of modified muscle fibers
(extrafusal/intrafusal)
Extrafusal vs Intrafusal - Answers Exterior / Interior fibers
Golgi Tendon Organ - Answers Proprioceptors located in tendons attatched to extrafusal fibers
activated when the tendon attatched to the muscle is stretched, assistance increases as stretch
increases
Slow Twitch vs Fast Twitch - Answers Type 1 Fibers are efficient, fatigue resistant, aerobic
Type 2 Fibers are inefficient, fatiguable and anaerobic
Preloading - Answers The initial movement of weight to overcome a weights inertia
Sarcopenia - Answers Reduced size of muscle and strength
Atria vs Ventricals - Answers Atria deliver blood to ventricles, which supply the main force for moving
blood through the pulmonary and peripheral circulations
Bicuspid / Tricuspid valves - Answers Prevent flow of blood back through the atria
Aortic / Pulmonary Valves - Answers Prevent flow of blood back into ventricles during diastole
Cardiac Conduction System - Answers Sinoatrial Node (Pacemaker) - Atrioventricular Node (delayed
signal messenger) - AV Bundle (conducts impulse to Ventricles) - Left / Right Branches of Purkinje
Fibers (conduct impulses to all other parts of the ventricle)
Depolarization vs Repolarization
PQRST Wave - Answers Reversal of electrical potential causing atrial then ventricular contraction
(QRS)
Ventricles recover from contraction reestablishing original electrical potential (T)
Most prominant type of muscle in the body?Approximation of number muscles incthe body? -
Answers Skeletal
430
Epimeysium - Answers Outer layer of connective tissue in the body
Periosteum - Answers Specialized connective tissue covering all bones
Muscle cells or ___________, are? - Answers Fibers, long cylindrical cells 50 to 100 mewm in
diameter
Fasiculi - Answers The grouping of muscle fibers surrounded by the perimysium
Endomysium - Answers Layer of connective tissue surrounding each individual fiber, which is
surrounded by the sarcolemma membrane
Motor Neuron - Answers Nerve Cell
Motor Unit - Answers Motor Neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Sarcoplasm - Answers The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber, contains contractile components, consisting
of protein filaments, other proteins, glycogen, fat particles, enzymes and specialized organelles like
mitochondria
Hundreds of ______________ dominate the sarcoplasm - Answers Myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - Answers Intricate system of T Tubules, with vessicles that store Ca+
Sliding Filament Theory - Answers States that Actin and Myosin interact pulling the Z lines towards
the center of the sarcomere
Troponin - Answers Protein on Actin with a high affinity for calcium
Tropomyosin - Answers Runs along the side of actin and is exposed via the interaction of calcium with
troponin, allowing contraction
All or none principle - Answers Once a action potential reaches threshold it
Proprioceptors - Answers Specilized sensory receptors located within joints muscles and tendons that
relay sensitive pressure and tension information to the subconsious which then acts to recruit
muscles for posture/balance
Muscle Spindles - Answers Proprioceptors that consist of modified muscle fibers
(extrafusal/intrafusal)
Extrafusal vs Intrafusal - Answers Exterior / Interior fibers
Golgi Tendon Organ - Answers Proprioceptors located in tendons attatched to extrafusal fibers
activated when the tendon attatched to the muscle is stretched, assistance increases as stretch
increases
Slow Twitch vs Fast Twitch - Answers Type 1 Fibers are efficient, fatigue resistant, aerobic
Type 2 Fibers are inefficient, fatiguable and anaerobic
Preloading - Answers The initial movement of weight to overcome a weights inertia
Sarcopenia - Answers Reduced size of muscle and strength
Atria vs Ventricals - Answers Atria deliver blood to ventricles, which supply the main force for moving
blood through the pulmonary and peripheral circulations
Bicuspid / Tricuspid valves - Answers Prevent flow of blood back through the atria
Aortic / Pulmonary Valves - Answers Prevent flow of blood back into ventricles during diastole
Cardiac Conduction System - Answers Sinoatrial Node (Pacemaker) - Atrioventricular Node (delayed
signal messenger) - AV Bundle (conducts impulse to Ventricles) - Left / Right Branches of Purkinje
Fibers (conduct impulses to all other parts of the ventricle)
Depolarization vs Repolarization
PQRST Wave - Answers Reversal of electrical potential causing atrial then ventricular contraction
(QRS)
Ventricles recover from contraction reestablishing original electrical potential (T)
