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Questions 1–20: Contracts & Sales (UCC)
1. A seller sent an email to a potential buyer, offering to sell his house for
$150,000. The buyer immediately responded, asking whether the offer included the
front porch swing. The seller replied, "No, it doesn't." The buyer then ordered a
porch swing and emailed, "I accept your offer." Is there a contract?
A) No, because the buyer's initial email was a counteroffer.
B) No, because the offer lapsed before the buyer accepted.
C) Yes, because the buyer relied on the offer by ordering the swing.
D) Yes, because the buyer's initial email merely asked for information.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A mere inquiry about the terms of an offer—such as asking whether a
fixture is included—does not constitute a counteroffer or rejection. The offer
remained open, and the buyer's subsequent acceptance created a contract. Ordering
the swing is not required reliance to form the contract.
,2. A seller and buyer sign a written contract for the sale of land. Later, the seller
claims the contract is void because the parties orally agreed to exclude a particular
easement. Which rule governs whether the oral agreement can be enforced?
A) Parol evidence rule
B) Statute of Frauds
C) Equitable estoppel
D) Merger doctrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parol evidence rule controls the admissibility of prior or
contemporaneous oral agreements that contradict a final written agreement. The
Statute of Frauds requires a writing for land contracts but does not validate oral
modifications that contradict an integrated writing.
3. A contract requires acceptance by mail. When is acceptance effective?
A) When mailed
B) When received
C) When read by the offeror
D) When confirmed by phone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Under the mailbox rule, acceptance is generally effective upon dispatch
(when mailed), unless the offer expressly specifies that acceptance is effective only
upon receipt.
,4. A contract is void if:
A) One party is mistaken
B) It lacks consideration
C) It involves illegal subject matter
D) It is unwritten
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Illegal contracts—those with an unlawful purpose or subject matter—
are void and unenforceable. Lack of consideration makes a contract unenforceable
but not necessarily void; mistakes may make it voidable.
5. A valid acceptance must be:
A) Conditional
B) The mirror image of the offer
C) Delayed
D) Verbal only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under the mirror image rule, acceptance must match the terms of the
offer exactly. Any conditional or different terms typically constitute a counteroffer,
not an acceptance.
6. What generally terminates an offer?
, A) Acceptance with additional terms by a merchant under UCC §2-207
B) Rejection or counteroffer
C) The offeree's silence
D) Acceptance by mail under the mailbox rule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An offer is terminated by rejection or counteroffer. Acceptance creates
a contract; silence generally does not constitute acceptance. The mailbox rule
governs timing, not termination.
7. Under the UCC, a merchant's confirming memorandum binds the recipient:
A) Immediately upon sending
B) When received, unless objected within 10 days
C) When a court orders enforcement
D) After 30 days if the recipient does not reply
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under UCC §2-201(2), a merchant's written confirmation of an oral
contract binds the recipient unless the recipient objects in writing within ten days
of receipt.
8. An anticipatory repudiation occurs when:
A) The contract is performed
B) A party refuses to perform before performance is due
rationales/graded A+/2026 update/100%
correct /instant download
Questions 1–20: Contracts & Sales (UCC)
1. A seller sent an email to a potential buyer, offering to sell his house for
$150,000. The buyer immediately responded, asking whether the offer included the
front porch swing. The seller replied, "No, it doesn't." The buyer then ordered a
porch swing and emailed, "I accept your offer." Is there a contract?
A) No, because the buyer's initial email was a counteroffer.
B) No, because the offer lapsed before the buyer accepted.
C) Yes, because the buyer relied on the offer by ordering the swing.
D) Yes, because the buyer's initial email merely asked for information.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A mere inquiry about the terms of an offer—such as asking whether a
fixture is included—does not constitute a counteroffer or rejection. The offer
remained open, and the buyer's subsequent acceptance created a contract. Ordering
the swing is not required reliance to form the contract.
,2. A seller and buyer sign a written contract for the sale of land. Later, the seller
claims the contract is void because the parties orally agreed to exclude a particular
easement. Which rule governs whether the oral agreement can be enforced?
A) Parol evidence rule
B) Statute of Frauds
C) Equitable estoppel
D) Merger doctrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The parol evidence rule controls the admissibility of prior or
contemporaneous oral agreements that contradict a final written agreement. The
Statute of Frauds requires a writing for land contracts but does not validate oral
modifications that contradict an integrated writing.
3. A contract requires acceptance by mail. When is acceptance effective?
A) When mailed
B) When received
C) When read by the offeror
D) When confirmed by phone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Under the mailbox rule, acceptance is generally effective upon dispatch
(when mailed), unless the offer expressly specifies that acceptance is effective only
upon receipt.
,4. A contract is void if:
A) One party is mistaken
B) It lacks consideration
C) It involves illegal subject matter
D) It is unwritten
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Illegal contracts—those with an unlawful purpose or subject matter—
are void and unenforceable. Lack of consideration makes a contract unenforceable
but not necessarily void; mistakes may make it voidable.
5. A valid acceptance must be:
A) Conditional
B) The mirror image of the offer
C) Delayed
D) Verbal only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under the mirror image rule, acceptance must match the terms of the
offer exactly. Any conditional or different terms typically constitute a counteroffer,
not an acceptance.
6. What generally terminates an offer?
, A) Acceptance with additional terms by a merchant under UCC §2-207
B) Rejection or counteroffer
C) The offeree's silence
D) Acceptance by mail under the mailbox rule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An offer is terminated by rejection or counteroffer. Acceptance creates
a contract; silence generally does not constitute acceptance. The mailbox rule
governs timing, not termination.
7. Under the UCC, a merchant's confirming memorandum binds the recipient:
A) Immediately upon sending
B) When received, unless objected within 10 days
C) When a court orders enforcement
D) After 30 days if the recipient does not reply
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Under UCC §2-201(2), a merchant's written confirmation of an oral
contract binds the recipient unless the recipient objects in writing within ten days
of receipt.
8. An anticipatory repudiation occurs when:
A) The contract is performed
B) A party refuses to perform before performance is due
