BSC 1005 STUDY EXAMS GUIDE ALL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔carbohydrates - ✔✔monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
✔✔monosaccharides - ✔✔glucose, fructose, galactose
✔✔disaccharides - ✔✔sucrose, lactose, maltose; carbohydrates that are made up of
two monosaccharides
✔✔polysaccharides - ✔✔glycogen, starch, cellulose; carbohydrates that are made up of
more than two thirds monosaccharides
✔✔lipids - ✔✔fats and oils made of glycerol and fatty acids; typically used for energy
storage, protection, and waterproofing
✔✔hydrophobic - ✔✔having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form
droplets in water
✔✔hydrophillic - ✔✔attracted to water
✔✔saturated fats - ✔✔a fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats,
lards, and dairy products
, ✔✔unsaturated fats - ✔✔a fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable
oils, nuts, and seeds
✔✔proteins - ✔✔made of amino acids; functions in support, metabolism, transport,
defense, regulation, and motion
✔✔peptide - ✔✔two or more amino acids held together by covalent bonds; examples:
collagen (structure), myosin (muscle contraction), insulin (hormone for regulation),
enzyme (biological catalyst)
✔✔nucleic acids - ✔✔macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon,
and phosphorus (DNA and RNA)
✔✔DNA - ✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid; a complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes; stores genetic information by coding for
the sequence of amino acids in proteins
✔✔RNA - ✔✔ribonucleic acid; a single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic
messages; made of nucleotides and is involved in protein synthesis
✔✔ characteristics of living things - ✔✔1. life is organized
2. life requires materials and energy
3. living organisms maintain internal environment
4. living organisms respond to stimuli
5. living organisms reproduce and develop
6. living organisms have adaptations
✔✔life is organized - ✔✔atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
✔✔life requires energy - ✔✔energy sustains cells, organisms, and ecosystems
✔✔living organisms maintain internal environment - ✔✔homeostasis is the maintenance
of internal conditions within certain boundaries (including temperature, moisture level,
acidity, and other factors)
✔✔living organisms respond to stimuli - ✔✔all living things respond in some fashion to
their environment
✔✔living organisms reproduce and develop - ✔✔reproduction is the production of
offspring, passing on genes that control how the offspring develops
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔carbohydrates - ✔✔monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
✔✔monosaccharides - ✔✔glucose, fructose, galactose
✔✔disaccharides - ✔✔sucrose, lactose, maltose; carbohydrates that are made up of
two monosaccharides
✔✔polysaccharides - ✔✔glycogen, starch, cellulose; carbohydrates that are made up of
more than two thirds monosaccharides
✔✔lipids - ✔✔fats and oils made of glycerol and fatty acids; typically used for energy
storage, protection, and waterproofing
✔✔hydrophobic - ✔✔having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form
droplets in water
✔✔hydrophillic - ✔✔attracted to water
✔✔saturated fats - ✔✔a fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats,
lards, and dairy products
, ✔✔unsaturated fats - ✔✔a fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable
oils, nuts, and seeds
✔✔proteins - ✔✔made of amino acids; functions in support, metabolism, transport,
defense, regulation, and motion
✔✔peptide - ✔✔two or more amino acids held together by covalent bonds; examples:
collagen (structure), myosin (muscle contraction), insulin (hormone for regulation),
enzyme (biological catalyst)
✔✔nucleic acids - ✔✔macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon,
and phosphorus (DNA and RNA)
✔✔DNA - ✔✔deoxyribonucleic acid; a complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes; stores genetic information by coding for
the sequence of amino acids in proteins
✔✔RNA - ✔✔ribonucleic acid; a single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic
messages; made of nucleotides and is involved in protein synthesis
✔✔ characteristics of living things - ✔✔1. life is organized
2. life requires materials and energy
3. living organisms maintain internal environment
4. living organisms respond to stimuli
5. living organisms reproduce and develop
6. living organisms have adaptations
✔✔life is organized - ✔✔atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
✔✔life requires energy - ✔✔energy sustains cells, organisms, and ecosystems
✔✔living organisms maintain internal environment - ✔✔homeostasis is the maintenance
of internal conditions within certain boundaries (including temperature, moisture level,
acidity, and other factors)
✔✔living organisms respond to stimuli - ✔✔all living things respond in some fashion to
their environment
✔✔living organisms reproduce and develop - ✔✔reproduction is the production of
offspring, passing on genes that control how the offspring develops
