Physical Activity - ANSWER Any bodily movement produced by contracting skeletal
muscles, with an increase in energy expenditure.
Exercise - ANSWER Planned, purposeful, repetitive
Physical Fitness - ANSWER Attributes or characteristics that individuals have achieved
that related to their ability to perform physical activity
3 metabolic pathways the body uses to creates ATP - ANSWER 1. Creatine Phosphate
2. anaerobic glycolysis
3. 0xidative system
Claudication - ANSWER pain in the leg is induced by exercise, usually because of an artery
obstruction.
Creatine Phosphate system - ANSWER Small amounts of CP are stored within each cell.
Simple one-to-one trade off that allows for the rapid production of ATP. ONLY for use during
short bouts of exercise. less that 10 seconds.
Anaerobic glycolysis - ANSWER No oxygen required. NExt most immediate energy source.
break down carbs (glucose or glycogen) into pyruvate. Used during medium-duration
exercise. no more than about 90 seconds.
Aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system) - ANSWER Oxygen dependent. As exercise intensity
decreases allowing for longer duration activities, use of the oxidative system increases.
1
,(Krebs cycle and ETC). Produce ATP in the mitochondria of the cell--requires oxygen. Lasts
longer than 1-2 minutes.
What is VO2? - ANSWER The volume of oxygen the body consumes. VO2 max is the
highest volume of oxygen the body can consume.
Define Stroke Volume - ANSWER the volume of blood the heart ejects with each beat.
How does SV increase with workload? - ANSWER Similar to HR, it increases as workload
increases but only up to ~40% to 60% of VO2max. The percentages can be decreases in
sedentary individuals and increased with training.
What happens to resting HR as stroke volume increases? - ANSWER it decreases, as more
blood being pumped per beat allows the heart to beat less often.
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER a measure of blood pumped per minute. The product
of stroke volume and heart rate.
What does Diastolic Blood pressure do during exercise? - ANSWER Remains stable or
decreases slightly.
What is rate pressure product? - ANSWER serves as an estimate of myocardial oxygen
demand. Product of HR and Systolic BP. HR X SBP
What is the Fick equation used to determine VO2 max? - ANSWER VO2max = HRmax X
SVmax X a-VO2 difference max (arteriovenous oxygen difference)
What is the gold standard to measure Cardiorespiratory fitness? - ANSWER VO2 max
during open circuit spirometry.
2
,How does a submaximal exercise test work? - ANSWER It estimates VO2 max from the HR
response to submaximal single stage or graded exercise.
absolute oxygen consumption vs. relative oxygen consumption - ANSWER absolute is the
raw volume of O2 consumed by the body. Relative is the volume of O2 consumed relative to
body weight. Useful to compare fitness levels between individuals.
What is one of the largest components of PA-related energy expenditure? - ANSWER
Occupational Physical Ativity
5 Health related physical fitness components - ANSWER Cardiorespiratory endurance,
body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility
6 Skill (performance) related physical fitness components - ANSWER Agility, coordination,
balance, power, reaction time, and speed
cardiorespiratory endurance - ANSWER ability of circulatory system and respiratory
system to supply o2 during sustained physical activity
Body composition - ANSWER relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts
of the body
Muscular strength - ANSWER Ability of muscle to exert force
muscular endurance - ANSWER ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue
flexibility - ANSWER ROM at a joint. as per the skeletal muscles and not any external
forces.
Agility - ANSWER ability to change position of the body in space with speed and accuracy
3
, coordination - ANSWER ability to use the senses together with body parts to perform
tasks smoothly and accurately
balance - ANSWER maintenance of equilibrium while stationary OR moving
reaction time - ANSWER time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the
reaction to said stimulus
speed - ANSWER ability to perform a movement within a short period of time
ACSM's weekly/daily physical activity recommendations - ANSWER 150 minutes
Moderate PA per week (30 min or more most days of the week), 75 minutes of vigorous
intensity
Can most sedentary individuals safely begin a low-to moderate intensity PA Program without
the need for baseline testing or medical clearance? - ANSWER Yes indeed
Most common musculoskeletal injuries occur in what area of the body? - ANSWER lower
body- particularly the knee or foot
Who is most at risk for sudden cardiac death? - ANSWER Sedentary individuals
performing infrequent exercise
Light PA is defined as - ANSWER <3 MET's
Moderate PA is defined as - ANSWER 3 to <6 MET's
Vigorous PA is defined as - ANSWER >/=6 MET's
4
muscles, with an increase in energy expenditure.
Exercise - ANSWER Planned, purposeful, repetitive
Physical Fitness - ANSWER Attributes or characteristics that individuals have achieved
that related to their ability to perform physical activity
3 metabolic pathways the body uses to creates ATP - ANSWER 1. Creatine Phosphate
2. anaerobic glycolysis
3. 0xidative system
Claudication - ANSWER pain in the leg is induced by exercise, usually because of an artery
obstruction.
Creatine Phosphate system - ANSWER Small amounts of CP are stored within each cell.
Simple one-to-one trade off that allows for the rapid production of ATP. ONLY for use during
short bouts of exercise. less that 10 seconds.
Anaerobic glycolysis - ANSWER No oxygen required. NExt most immediate energy source.
break down carbs (glucose or glycogen) into pyruvate. Used during medium-duration
exercise. no more than about 90 seconds.
Aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system) - ANSWER Oxygen dependent. As exercise intensity
decreases allowing for longer duration activities, use of the oxidative system increases.
1
,(Krebs cycle and ETC). Produce ATP in the mitochondria of the cell--requires oxygen. Lasts
longer than 1-2 minutes.
What is VO2? - ANSWER The volume of oxygen the body consumes. VO2 max is the
highest volume of oxygen the body can consume.
Define Stroke Volume - ANSWER the volume of blood the heart ejects with each beat.
How does SV increase with workload? - ANSWER Similar to HR, it increases as workload
increases but only up to ~40% to 60% of VO2max. The percentages can be decreases in
sedentary individuals and increased with training.
What happens to resting HR as stroke volume increases? - ANSWER it decreases, as more
blood being pumped per beat allows the heart to beat less often.
What is cardiac output? - ANSWER a measure of blood pumped per minute. The product
of stroke volume and heart rate.
What does Diastolic Blood pressure do during exercise? - ANSWER Remains stable or
decreases slightly.
What is rate pressure product? - ANSWER serves as an estimate of myocardial oxygen
demand. Product of HR and Systolic BP. HR X SBP
What is the Fick equation used to determine VO2 max? - ANSWER VO2max = HRmax X
SVmax X a-VO2 difference max (arteriovenous oxygen difference)
What is the gold standard to measure Cardiorespiratory fitness? - ANSWER VO2 max
during open circuit spirometry.
2
,How does a submaximal exercise test work? - ANSWER It estimates VO2 max from the HR
response to submaximal single stage or graded exercise.
absolute oxygen consumption vs. relative oxygen consumption - ANSWER absolute is the
raw volume of O2 consumed by the body. Relative is the volume of O2 consumed relative to
body weight. Useful to compare fitness levels between individuals.
What is one of the largest components of PA-related energy expenditure? - ANSWER
Occupational Physical Ativity
5 Health related physical fitness components - ANSWER Cardiorespiratory endurance,
body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility
6 Skill (performance) related physical fitness components - ANSWER Agility, coordination,
balance, power, reaction time, and speed
cardiorespiratory endurance - ANSWER ability of circulatory system and respiratory
system to supply o2 during sustained physical activity
Body composition - ANSWER relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts
of the body
Muscular strength - ANSWER Ability of muscle to exert force
muscular endurance - ANSWER ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue
flexibility - ANSWER ROM at a joint. as per the skeletal muscles and not any external
forces.
Agility - ANSWER ability to change position of the body in space with speed and accuracy
3
, coordination - ANSWER ability to use the senses together with body parts to perform
tasks smoothly and accurately
balance - ANSWER maintenance of equilibrium while stationary OR moving
reaction time - ANSWER time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the
reaction to said stimulus
speed - ANSWER ability to perform a movement within a short period of time
ACSM's weekly/daily physical activity recommendations - ANSWER 150 minutes
Moderate PA per week (30 min or more most days of the week), 75 minutes of vigorous
intensity
Can most sedentary individuals safely begin a low-to moderate intensity PA Program without
the need for baseline testing or medical clearance? - ANSWER Yes indeed
Most common musculoskeletal injuries occur in what area of the body? - ANSWER lower
body- particularly the knee or foot
Who is most at risk for sudden cardiac death? - ANSWER Sedentary individuals
performing infrequent exercise
Light PA is defined as - ANSWER <3 MET's
Moderate PA is defined as - ANSWER 3 to <6 MET's
Vigorous PA is defined as - ANSWER >/=6 MET's
4
