Four national models for career education - ANSWER 1. school-based or comprehensive
bring work-related skills to school
2. employer-based or experience-based
vocational education program
3. home/community based
brings job placement/career into the home and community
4. rural/residential
help poor rural families improve their career
Facilitation skills - ANSWER 1. communication skills required for the therapist
2. be familiar with the concept of an authentic therapist
3. primary responsibilities of a therapist
4. rights of clients
Terms to know - ANSWER 1. congruence
2. transference
3. empathy
4. genuienss
5. acceptance
6. concreteness
7. positive regard
1
,Computerized occupational and career information system - ANSWER 1. SIGI-Plus (system
of interactive guidance and information)
2. CIS (career information system)
3. COIN (coordinate occupational information network)
4. GIS (Guidance information system)
5. DISCOVER
6. CHOICES
Key differences of emphasis between models - ANSWER 1. behavioral/social: process of
learning as it impinges upon career decision-making
a. Krumboltz: career decision making is a lifelong process
b. Dawis & Lofquist: work adjustment
c. Schein: career anchors
2. cognitive
a. Lent, Brown, Hackett: social cognitive career theory (SCCT)
b. Peterson, Sampson, Reardon & Lenz: cognitive information processing
c. Pyramid for information processing known as CASVE
d. Roger's client-centered: self-concept and phenomenal field
3. decision-making
a. Tiedeman/O'Hara: stages one goes through to integrate with one's career
b. Gelatt: basic ideas and steps
c. Crites: career maturity
d. Cottfredson: circumscription and compromise
4. developmental: maturation of career behavior across the lifespan
a. should be familiar with the stages, major talent
b. Super: life roles have an impact on career choice
c. Ginzberg: occupational choice is a lifelong process
5. psychodynamic: internal movtivating variables and coping mechanisms related to them
2
, 6. personality
a. Bordin, Nachmann, Segal: personality approach
b. Holland: 6 personal styles and occupational environments
c. Roe: primary tenets and occupational scheem
7. trait and factor: individual differences in ability, interest, and personality
a. know basic tenets (matching aptitude and interest withe requirement of jobs)
b. Parsons: considered the father of vocational guidance
c. Williamson: Minnesota viewpoint
Behavioral Approach of career counseling - ANSWER 1. indirect: focuses on linguistic vari-
ables that precede and elicit overt responses
2. direct concentrates on the consequences of overt responses regardless of their result
3. behavioral-theoretic: Goodstein,
4. behavioral-pragmatic: Krumboltz, identify techniques that work to bring about bx chagnes
Krumboltz's behaviorist theory (Behavioral Approach) - ANSWER 1. exposure to the wid-
est array of learning experiences must be promoted
2. career decision making as a lifelong process
3. 7 categories of client issues:
a. the problem is someone else' bx
b. the problem is is expressed as a feeling
c. the problem is the absence of a goal
d. the problem is a desired bx is undesirable
e. the problem is the client does not know his bx is inappropriate
f. the problem is a choice conflict
g. the problem is a vested interest in not identifying any problem
4. indecision (absence of goal); unrealism (an expressed feeling about unrealistic aspiration);
multi-potentiality (choice conflict among equally desirable alternatives)
3
bring work-related skills to school
2. employer-based or experience-based
vocational education program
3. home/community based
brings job placement/career into the home and community
4. rural/residential
help poor rural families improve their career
Facilitation skills - ANSWER 1. communication skills required for the therapist
2. be familiar with the concept of an authentic therapist
3. primary responsibilities of a therapist
4. rights of clients
Terms to know - ANSWER 1. congruence
2. transference
3. empathy
4. genuienss
5. acceptance
6. concreteness
7. positive regard
1
,Computerized occupational and career information system - ANSWER 1. SIGI-Plus (system
of interactive guidance and information)
2. CIS (career information system)
3. COIN (coordinate occupational information network)
4. GIS (Guidance information system)
5. DISCOVER
6. CHOICES
Key differences of emphasis between models - ANSWER 1. behavioral/social: process of
learning as it impinges upon career decision-making
a. Krumboltz: career decision making is a lifelong process
b. Dawis & Lofquist: work adjustment
c. Schein: career anchors
2. cognitive
a. Lent, Brown, Hackett: social cognitive career theory (SCCT)
b. Peterson, Sampson, Reardon & Lenz: cognitive information processing
c. Pyramid for information processing known as CASVE
d. Roger's client-centered: self-concept and phenomenal field
3. decision-making
a. Tiedeman/O'Hara: stages one goes through to integrate with one's career
b. Gelatt: basic ideas and steps
c. Crites: career maturity
d. Cottfredson: circumscription and compromise
4. developmental: maturation of career behavior across the lifespan
a. should be familiar with the stages, major talent
b. Super: life roles have an impact on career choice
c. Ginzberg: occupational choice is a lifelong process
5. psychodynamic: internal movtivating variables and coping mechanisms related to them
2
, 6. personality
a. Bordin, Nachmann, Segal: personality approach
b. Holland: 6 personal styles and occupational environments
c. Roe: primary tenets and occupational scheem
7. trait and factor: individual differences in ability, interest, and personality
a. know basic tenets (matching aptitude and interest withe requirement of jobs)
b. Parsons: considered the father of vocational guidance
c. Williamson: Minnesota viewpoint
Behavioral Approach of career counseling - ANSWER 1. indirect: focuses on linguistic vari-
ables that precede and elicit overt responses
2. direct concentrates on the consequences of overt responses regardless of their result
3. behavioral-theoretic: Goodstein,
4. behavioral-pragmatic: Krumboltz, identify techniques that work to bring about bx chagnes
Krumboltz's behaviorist theory (Behavioral Approach) - ANSWER 1. exposure to the wid-
est array of learning experiences must be promoted
2. career decision making as a lifelong process
3. 7 categories of client issues:
a. the problem is someone else' bx
b. the problem is is expressed as a feeling
c. the problem is the absence of a goal
d. the problem is a desired bx is undesirable
e. the problem is the client does not know his bx is inappropriate
f. the problem is a choice conflict
g. the problem is a vested interest in not identifying any problem
4. indecision (absence of goal); unrealism (an expressed feeling about unrealistic aspiration);
multi-potentiality (choice conflict among equally desirable alternatives)
3
