PN2 - Exam 1 Study Guide.

PN2 - Exam 1 Study Guide/PN2 - Exam 1 Study Guide. Electrolytes: Know clinical manifestations patient exhibits with low or elevated lab values. What diagnosis are you suspecting? Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphate (Know normal values) Understand normal ranges. What would your nursing interventions be in a hypo state? Hyper state? (i.e.- what are s/s of hyponatremia or hypernatremia, what lab value is noted for patients with chronic alcoholism?) Electrolyte Imbalances (K+, Mg++, Ca++, Na+)???? Potassium (3.5-5.0) Hypokalemia 3.5 Causes – Lasix, diuretics, digitalis like drugs, corticosteroids, diarrhea, vomiting, wound drainage, prolonged nasogastric suction, NPO Signs/symptoms – weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps Interventions – IV replacement (no more than 20 mEq/hr.), cardiac monitoring, assess muscle strength & tone, reflexes, monitor digoxin levels Complications – Fluid overload, diuretic therapy, insulin administration