NSG 3280 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | UPDATED 2026/2027
STUDY GUIDE
Examiner/Administrator: Galen College of Nursing
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
NSG 3280 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4
2026/2027 EDITION
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM
120 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
PASSING SCORE: 70%
TESTING TIME: 120 MINUTES
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inflammation & Immune Response
Hypersensitivity Disorders
Autoimmune Conditions
Infectious Disease Processes
Hematologic Disorders
Oncology & Neoplastic Processes
Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
Respiratory Pathophysiology
Multisystem Clinical Application
,GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING || ALIGNED WITH CURRENT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CURRICULUM BLUEPRINTS || PROFESSIONAL NURSING
STUDY GUIDE || 100% VERIFIED | GRADED A+ || COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION || PREPARED FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS || PROFESSIONAL
EXAMINATION USE || UPDATED 2026/2027 EDITION
Inflammation & Immune Response
Q1. A patient develops redness, warmth, swelling, and pain around a surgical
incision 24 hours after surgery. Which mediator is primarily responsible for
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability during the acute
inflammatory response?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Histamine
C. Aldosterone
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Histamine
Explanation: Histamine is released primarily from mast cells and basophils
and causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, producing
redness and edema. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production,
aldosterone regulates sodium balance, and insulin regulates glucose
metabolism.
Q2. A nurse explains that fever develops during infection because pyrogens
stimulate which physiologic process?
A. Decreased hypothalamic set point
B. Increased prostaglandin production in the hypothalamus
,C. Increased insulin secretion
D. Suppression of cytokine activity
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Increased prostaglandin production in the
hypothalamus
Explanation: Endogenous pyrogens such as IL-1 and TNF stimulate
prostaglandin synthesis within the hypothalamus, raising the body's
temperature set point. The other options either oppose fever development or
are unrelated.
Q3. A patient with severe bacterial sepsis develops widespread vasodilation
and hypotension. Which inflammatory mediator is most directly associated
with this response?
A. Nitric oxide
B. Albumin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Renin
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Nitric oxide
Explanation: Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator released during systemic
inflammatory responses and contributes significantly to septic shock. Albumin
and hemoglobin are transport proteins, while renin increases blood pressure.
Q4. Which laboratory finding would most strongly support an acute
inflammatory process?
A. Elevated neutrophil count
B. Decreased platelet count
, C. Reduced fibrinogen level
D. Decreased C-reactive protein
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Elevated neutrophil count
Explanation: Neutrophilia commonly accompanies acute inflammation and
bacterial infection. Acute inflammatory states usually increase CRP and
fibrinogen rather than decrease them.
Q5. During tissue healing, fibroblasts are primarily responsible for:
A. Producing antibodies
B. Forming collagen and extracellular matrix
C. Destroying bacteria
D. Producing erythrocytes
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Forming collagen and extracellular matrix
Explanation: Fibroblasts synthesize collagen and connective tissue essential for
wound repair. Antibodies are produced by plasma cells, bacteria are destroyed
mainly by phagocytes, and erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow.
Hypersensitivity Disorders
Q6. A patient experiences anaphylaxis immediately after receiving penicillin.
This reaction is classified as:
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | UPDATED 2026/2027
STUDY GUIDE
Examiner/Administrator: Galen College of Nursing
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
NSG 3280 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4
2026/2027 EDITION
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM
120 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
PASSING SCORE: 70%
TESTING TIME: 120 MINUTES
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inflammation & Immune Response
Hypersensitivity Disorders
Autoimmune Conditions
Infectious Disease Processes
Hematologic Disorders
Oncology & Neoplastic Processes
Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders
Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
Respiratory Pathophysiology
Multisystem Clinical Application
,GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING || ALIGNED WITH CURRENT
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CURRICULUM BLUEPRINTS || PROFESSIONAL NURSING
STUDY GUIDE || 100% VERIFIED | GRADED A+ || COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
PREPARATION || PREPARED FOR ACADEMIC SUCCESS || PROFESSIONAL
EXAMINATION USE || UPDATED 2026/2027 EDITION
Inflammation & Immune Response
Q1. A patient develops redness, warmth, swelling, and pain around a surgical
incision 24 hours after surgery. Which mediator is primarily responsible for
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability during the acute
inflammatory response?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Histamine
C. Aldosterone
D. Insulin
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Histamine
Explanation: Histamine is released primarily from mast cells and basophils
and causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, producing
redness and edema. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production,
aldosterone regulates sodium balance, and insulin regulates glucose
metabolism.
Q2. A nurse explains that fever develops during infection because pyrogens
stimulate which physiologic process?
A. Decreased hypothalamic set point
B. Increased prostaglandin production in the hypothalamus
,C. Increased insulin secretion
D. Suppression of cytokine activity
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Increased prostaglandin production in the
hypothalamus
Explanation: Endogenous pyrogens such as IL-1 and TNF stimulate
prostaglandin synthesis within the hypothalamus, raising the body's
temperature set point. The other options either oppose fever development or
are unrelated.
Q3. A patient with severe bacterial sepsis develops widespread vasodilation
and hypotension. Which inflammatory mediator is most directly associated
with this response?
A. Nitric oxide
B. Albumin
C. Hemoglobin
D. Renin
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Nitric oxide
Explanation: Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator released during systemic
inflammatory responses and contributes significantly to septic shock. Albumin
and hemoglobin are transport proteins, while renin increases blood pressure.
Q4. Which laboratory finding would most strongly support an acute
inflammatory process?
A. Elevated neutrophil count
B. Decreased platelet count
, C. Reduced fibrinogen level
D. Decreased C-reactive protein
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Elevated neutrophil count
Explanation: Neutrophilia commonly accompanies acute inflammation and
bacterial infection. Acute inflammatory states usually increase CRP and
fibrinogen rather than decrease them.
Q5. During tissue healing, fibroblasts are primarily responsible for:
A. Producing antibodies
B. Forming collagen and extracellular matrix
C. Destroying bacteria
D. Producing erythrocytes
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Forming collagen and extracellular matrix
Explanation: Fibroblasts synthesize collagen and connective tissue essential for
wound repair. Antibodies are produced by plasma cells, bacteria are destroyed
mainly by phagocytes, and erythrocytes are produced in bone marrow.
Hypersensitivity Disorders
Q6. A patient experiences anaphylaxis immediately after receiving penicillin.
This reaction is classified as:
A. Type I hypersensitivity
B. Type II hypersensitivity
C. Type III hypersensitivity
D. Type IV hypersensitivity
