NSG 316 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What organs are found in the right upper quadrant? - answers - liver, gallbladder,
duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney, and hepatic flexure of the colon
What organs are found in the left upper quadrant? - answers - stomach, spleen, left lobe
of liver, body of the pancreas, left kidney, and aplenic flexure of the colon
What organs are found in the right lower quadrant? - answers - cecum, appendix, right
ovary, right ureter, and right spermatic cord
What organs are found int he left lower quadrant? - answers - sigmoid colon, left ovary,
left ureter, and left spermatic cord?
What organs are found midline in the abdomen? - answers - aorta, uterus, bladder
What are some age-related changes in the gi tract? - answers - decreased saliva/sense
of taste, decreased esophageal emptying (aspiration risk), gastric acid decreases
(pernicious anemia risk), increased risk of gallstones, and liver size is decreased
What is anorexia? - answers - loss of appetite (in relation to many different things)
What is dysphagia? - answers - difficulty swallowing
What is pyrosis? - answers - heartburn
What is hematemesis? - answers - vomiting blood, looks like "coffee grounds"
What is melena? - answers - a black, tarry stool indicating a gi bleed
How do you complete a nutritional assessment? - answers - through a 24 hour recall of
all foods consumed
What is the order of assessment for the abdomen? - answers - inspection, auscultation,
percussion, palpation
What are different possible contours of the abdomen? - answers - flat, rounded (both
normal), scaphoid (sunk-in), and protuberant (distended)
What is a hernia and what might it look like? - answers - protrusion of the abdominal
viscera through an abnormal opening gin the muscle wall. Might look like a bulge/mass
, What is a sister mary joseph nodule? - answers - hard nodule in umbilicus that occurs
with metastatic cancer of stomach, large intestine, ovary, or pancreas
How do you test for symmetry on the abdomen? - answers - use a light, shadows
indicate bulges/asymmetry
What might cause an everted umbilicus (besides pregnancy)? - answers - ascites,
underlying mass, umbilical hernia
What might cause a bluish periumbilical color (cullen sign)? - answers - intraperitoneal
bleeding
What is striae? - answers - stretch marks. Silvery white, linear, jagged marks from
stretching of the elastic fibers
What are spider angiomas and what might they be caused by? - answers - vascular
lesions characterized by a central red spot with radiating blood vessels, caused by
hypertension or liver disease
What are caput medusae? - answers - prominent, dilated veins (portal hypertension,
cirrhosis, ascites, or vena cava obstruction)
What might cause marked pulsation in the epigastric region? - answers - widened pulse
pressure in the aorta (hypertension, aortic insufficiency and thyrotoxicosis)
What might cause visible peristalsis? - answers - intestinal obstruction (usually with
distended abdomen)
What causes restless/turning pain? - answers - gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction
What causes absolute stillness while resisting movement? - answers - peritonitis
Where do you start auscultation? - answers - right lower quadrant
What is the proper technique for listening to bowel sounds? - answers - use the
diaphragm and press lightly
How many bowel sounds are normally present per minute? - answers - 5 to 30
times/min
What do normal bowel sounds sound like? - answers - high-pitched, gurgling, cascading
sounds that are irregular
What is bororygmus? - answers - hyperperistalsis (stomach growling)
What organs are found in the right upper quadrant? - answers - liver, gallbladder,
duodenum, head of pancreas, right kidney, and hepatic flexure of the colon
What organs are found in the left upper quadrant? - answers - stomach, spleen, left lobe
of liver, body of the pancreas, left kidney, and aplenic flexure of the colon
What organs are found in the right lower quadrant? - answers - cecum, appendix, right
ovary, right ureter, and right spermatic cord
What organs are found int he left lower quadrant? - answers - sigmoid colon, left ovary,
left ureter, and left spermatic cord?
What organs are found midline in the abdomen? - answers - aorta, uterus, bladder
What are some age-related changes in the gi tract? - answers - decreased saliva/sense
of taste, decreased esophageal emptying (aspiration risk), gastric acid decreases
(pernicious anemia risk), increased risk of gallstones, and liver size is decreased
What is anorexia? - answers - loss of appetite (in relation to many different things)
What is dysphagia? - answers - difficulty swallowing
What is pyrosis? - answers - heartburn
What is hematemesis? - answers - vomiting blood, looks like "coffee grounds"
What is melena? - answers - a black, tarry stool indicating a gi bleed
How do you complete a nutritional assessment? - answers - through a 24 hour recall of
all foods consumed
What is the order of assessment for the abdomen? - answers - inspection, auscultation,
percussion, palpation
What are different possible contours of the abdomen? - answers - flat, rounded (both
normal), scaphoid (sunk-in), and protuberant (distended)
What is a hernia and what might it look like? - answers - protrusion of the abdominal
viscera through an abnormal opening gin the muscle wall. Might look like a bulge/mass
, What is a sister mary joseph nodule? - answers - hard nodule in umbilicus that occurs
with metastatic cancer of stomach, large intestine, ovary, or pancreas
How do you test for symmetry on the abdomen? - answers - use a light, shadows
indicate bulges/asymmetry
What might cause an everted umbilicus (besides pregnancy)? - answers - ascites,
underlying mass, umbilical hernia
What might cause a bluish periumbilical color (cullen sign)? - answers - intraperitoneal
bleeding
What is striae? - answers - stretch marks. Silvery white, linear, jagged marks from
stretching of the elastic fibers
What are spider angiomas and what might they be caused by? - answers - vascular
lesions characterized by a central red spot with radiating blood vessels, caused by
hypertension or liver disease
What are caput medusae? - answers - prominent, dilated veins (portal hypertension,
cirrhosis, ascites, or vena cava obstruction)
What might cause marked pulsation in the epigastric region? - answers - widened pulse
pressure in the aorta (hypertension, aortic insufficiency and thyrotoxicosis)
What might cause visible peristalsis? - answers - intestinal obstruction (usually with
distended abdomen)
What causes restless/turning pain? - answers - gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction
What causes absolute stillness while resisting movement? - answers - peritonitis
Where do you start auscultation? - answers - right lower quadrant
What is the proper technique for listening to bowel sounds? - answers - use the
diaphragm and press lightly
How many bowel sounds are normally present per minute? - answers - 5 to 30
times/min
What do normal bowel sounds sound like? - answers - high-pitched, gurgling, cascading
sounds that are irregular
What is bororygmus? - answers - hyperperistalsis (stomach growling)
