CVA EXAM REVIEW UNIT 4 2026 PRACTICE
TEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CONCEPT
BREAKDOWN FULL REVIEW
◉ What is engorgement? Answer: Inflammation of breast tissue 3-5
days postpartum, sometimes occurring with incomplete emptying;
painful, hard, and tender to touch
◉ What is colostrum ("liquid gold")? Answer: Secretion of the
mammary glands high in protein; serves as a laxative to clear the
baby's intestinal tract and coats the stomach and intestines to help
protect against bacteria; made up of prolactin, estrogen, and
progesterone
◉ What should you include in a head-to-toe postpartum
assessment? Answer: - Breasts
- Uterus
- Bladder
- Bowels
- Lochia
- Episitomy/perineal area
- Extremities
- Emotional status
,◉ What are general indications that the baby is improperly
positioned on the breast? Answer: Cracked, blistered, fissured,
bruised, or bleeding nipples in the breastfeeding woman
◉ Who should you come to evaluate the breasts if there is an
abnormality with feedings? Answer: Lactation
◉ What breast condition do you need to educate postpartum
mothers on the signs of? Answer: Mastitis
◉ What fundal height is considered abnormal? Answer: Above the
umbilicus
◉ What findings should you assess for when assessing a bladder
postpartum? Answer: - Bladder distention
- Incomplete emptying
- Inability to avoid
◉ If a postpartum mother has difficulty voiding, what are some
interventions you can use? Answer: - Pour warm water over the
perineal area
- Turn on tap water
- Blow bubbles through a straw
,- Take a warm shower
- Drink fluids
- Provide with privacy
- Use peppermint oil in the hat
- Place hand in a basin of warm water
◉ What interventions can be used to treat constipation postpartum?
Answer: - Stool softeners
- Ambulation
- High fiber diet
- Proper hydration
◉ When should a postpartum mom call for help regarding amount of
lochia? Answer: If she is saturating a pad in less than 60 minutes
◉ When assessing the perineal area, what should you look for?
Answer: - Hematoma
- Irritation
- Tenderness
- Thrombosed/inflamed hemorrhoids
◉ Why are postpartum women at a high risk for DVTs? Answer: -
Hormonal changes
, - Fluid shift
- Less activity
◉ What is the BUBBLEEE acronym? Answer: - B: breasts
- U: uterus
- B: bladder
- B: bowels
- L: lochia
- E: episiotomy/perineum/epidural site
- E: extremities
- E: emotional status
◉ What are some postpartum care and comfort measures? Answer: -
Cold packs (analgesic, reduce inflammation and edema)
- Hot packs (soothing, relaxing)
- Sitz baths (reduce local swelling, enhance vascular circulation and
healing)
- Peri bottle (helps with cleaning peri area)
- Topical creams and sprays (numbing and soothing)
- Oral analgesics
- Promote activity, rest, and exercise
- Prevent stress incontinence
TEST QUESTIONS AND DETAILED CONCEPT
BREAKDOWN FULL REVIEW
◉ What is engorgement? Answer: Inflammation of breast tissue 3-5
days postpartum, sometimes occurring with incomplete emptying;
painful, hard, and tender to touch
◉ What is colostrum ("liquid gold")? Answer: Secretion of the
mammary glands high in protein; serves as a laxative to clear the
baby's intestinal tract and coats the stomach and intestines to help
protect against bacteria; made up of prolactin, estrogen, and
progesterone
◉ What should you include in a head-to-toe postpartum
assessment? Answer: - Breasts
- Uterus
- Bladder
- Bowels
- Lochia
- Episitomy/perineal area
- Extremities
- Emotional status
,◉ What are general indications that the baby is improperly
positioned on the breast? Answer: Cracked, blistered, fissured,
bruised, or bleeding nipples in the breastfeeding woman
◉ Who should you come to evaluate the breasts if there is an
abnormality with feedings? Answer: Lactation
◉ What breast condition do you need to educate postpartum
mothers on the signs of? Answer: Mastitis
◉ What fundal height is considered abnormal? Answer: Above the
umbilicus
◉ What findings should you assess for when assessing a bladder
postpartum? Answer: - Bladder distention
- Incomplete emptying
- Inability to avoid
◉ If a postpartum mother has difficulty voiding, what are some
interventions you can use? Answer: - Pour warm water over the
perineal area
- Turn on tap water
- Blow bubbles through a straw
,- Take a warm shower
- Drink fluids
- Provide with privacy
- Use peppermint oil in the hat
- Place hand in a basin of warm water
◉ What interventions can be used to treat constipation postpartum?
Answer: - Stool softeners
- Ambulation
- High fiber diet
- Proper hydration
◉ When should a postpartum mom call for help regarding amount of
lochia? Answer: If she is saturating a pad in less than 60 minutes
◉ When assessing the perineal area, what should you look for?
Answer: - Hematoma
- Irritation
- Tenderness
- Thrombosed/inflamed hemorrhoids
◉ Why are postpartum women at a high risk for DVTs? Answer: -
Hormonal changes
, - Fluid shift
- Less activity
◉ What is the BUBBLEEE acronym? Answer: - B: breasts
- U: uterus
- B: bladder
- B: bowels
- L: lochia
- E: episiotomy/perineum/epidural site
- E: extremities
- E: emotional status
◉ What are some postpartum care and comfort measures? Answer: -
Cold packs (analgesic, reduce inflammation and edema)
- Hot packs (soothing, relaxing)
- Sitz baths (reduce local swelling, enhance vascular circulation and
healing)
- Peri bottle (helps with cleaning peri area)
- Topical creams and sprays (numbing and soothing)
- Oral analgesics
- Promote activity, rest, and exercise
- Prevent stress incontinence
