PSY 357- FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

PSY 357- FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS .Typoglycemia - ANSWERS-the idea that the human mind processes words as a whole; Not true b/c we use top down processing to comprehend lang using context .Experience with English - ANSWERS-English language teaches us that only certain combo of letters can follow or proceed other combos of letters allowing us to easier ID target letters or words .Positional constraints - ANSWERS-prior knowledge of the order of letters in words helps you fill in the missing information .Word Superiority Effect Hypothesis - ANSWERS-context present in the word will facilitate letter recognition, detect words easier when they are presented as a part of words .Reicher Wheeler Paradigm - ANSWERS-participants had the task of ID letter in cued position when presented in: isolation, words, pseudowords, or random letter strings (nonwords) .reicher wheeler results - ANSWERS-faster to identify letters in words/pseudowords, letters in isolation, & letters in nonwords (slowest) .Proofreading - ANSWERS-we use top down processing, when editing you read your paper by what you want/think you said instead of what you actually said .word v letter presented - ANSWERS-Word presented: activates feature, letter, & word detectors, increasing speed of final recognition v Letter presented: activates feature, & letter detectors = less activation .Phonological Dyslexia - ANSWERS-difficulty reading pseudowords, short-term memory limits, low phonological awareness, slower rapid naming .dyslexic experiment results - ANSWERS-Dyslexic children & reading age controls show similar word superiority effects, Dyslexic children have difficulty reading aloud pseudowords revealing impaired sub-lexical translation .Long term memory - ANSWERS-a network of associations: words often co-occur in memory & are strongly associated, think of one word the other is automatically triggered .Semantic memory - ANSWERS-automatic access to word meanings, general word knowledge, & factual info v episodic memory- personal memories of events .Semantic networks - ANSWERS-our knowledge is organized in this way, array of nodes representing concepts & links that transmit activation btw nodes .Typical effect - ANSWERS-typical members of category are responded faster to, less distance = faster association .Priming effect - ANSWERS-reaction times are faster for related than unrelated words, Ex: faster to "yes" to doctor when nurse is a word .Connectionist model of semantic memory - ANSWERS-learning involves strengthening or weakening of connections by changing connection weights .Latent semantic analysis (LSA) - ANSWERS-relations based on how often words occur in the presence of other words .word associations in latent semantic model - ANSWERS-Words associations are based on cooccurrence or proximity, model is like a road map: charts comparisons .basics of latent semantic model - ANSWERS-More important concepts are bigger, & in stronger connection the lines are thicker, Ex: Alice is big b/c she's a central concept in "Alice in Wonderland" .Spreading activation is automatic - ANSWERS-proceeds automatically after initiation, doesn't give rise to conscious awareness, & doesn't consume mental resources .Stroop effect with lists - ANSWERS-participants have trouble pronouncing/processing certain words if they deal with that issue; Ex: If you have depressed you respond slower to words like "depressed, suicide"