Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018) – Test Bank
TEST BANK
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography
Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer, Paula J. Visconti, E. Russell Ritenour, Kelli Welch Haynes
8th Edition
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018) – Test Bank
Table of Contents
1.Introduction to Radiation Protection
2.Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
3.Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
4.Radiation Quantities and Units
5.Radiation Monitoring
6.Overview of Cell Biology
7.Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
8.Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
9.Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
10.Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
11.Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
12.Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
13.Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
14.Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
15.Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018) – Test Bank
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 8th Edition
M U LT I P L E C H O I C E
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to
the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 3, 4, and 5 only
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
ANS: D
2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically
charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through
which it passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation
ANS: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the
medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation
phobia they may have.
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a
small chance of biologic damage.
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible
biologic damage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of
possible biologic damage.
ANS: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal
to a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANS: C
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
5. The advantages of the B E RT method are
1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will
receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received
from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
the referring physician.
ANS: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow A L A R A ? So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to a
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept
responsibility for patient radiation safety.
b.
patient radiation safety.
c. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level
below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.
d. Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which
individuals would have a chance of developing this disease.
ANS: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the
hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and
maintenance of the A L A R A program?
a. Assistant administrator of the facility
b. Chief of staff
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018) - Test Bank
c. Radiation Safety Officer
d. Student radiologic technologist
ANS: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a
specific x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of
radiation? a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a. Coulomb per kilogram
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of
the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be
used for both radiology and nonradiology users of CT?
a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
b. Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric
Imaging. c. American Registry of Radiologic
Technologists
d. The Joint Commission
ANS: B
14. Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure
or practice is justified?
a. A L A R A concept
b. B E RT method
c. Diagnostic efficacy
d. N E X T program
ANS: C
15. Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
a. ALARA
b. B E RT
c. ORP
d. NEXT
ANS: B
16. Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can “pledge” to image gently.
The pledge includes which of the following?
1. Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year.
2. Review the protocol recommendations and, when necessary, implement adjustments to
practice processes.
3. Communicate openly with parents.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
17. In a team approach to patient care, various participants
1. assume responsibility for their areas of expertise.
2. emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team
3. rotate as the person in charge of the team
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and
3
ANS: A
18. Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of
the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?
a. Exposure
b. Effective dose
c. Absorbed dose
d. There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of
the biologic effects of ionizing radiation.
ANS: B
19. Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to
be obtained is
a. greater than the risk involved.
b. equal to the risk involved.
c. less than the risk involved.
d. typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit may
be.
ANS: A
20. Which of the following statements below is true?
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
a. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease.
b. The A L A R A principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
c. The B E RT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
d. The N E X T program and reference values establish a dose level
for radiation-induced malignancy.
ANS: A
21. The A L A R A principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used
in various health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures. This
information may be helpful to many
a. accrediting bodies.
b. advisory groups.
c. radiation standards organizations.
d. regulatory agencies.
ANS: D
22. The term as low as reasonable achievable ( A LA RA ) is synonymous with the term
a. background equivalent radiation time (BERT).
b. equivalent dose (EqD).
c. diagnostic efficacy.
d. optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
ANS: D
23. Diagnostic efficacy includes
1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified.
2. obtaining images with mi nim al r adi ation ex posure.
3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines.
4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
24. Which of the following are required by The Joint Commission for CT?
1. Annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques
2. Minimum qualifications for medical physicists
3. Documentation of C T radiation doses
4. Management of C T protocols to minimize radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
25. Effective protective measures take into consideration
1. both human and environmental physical determinants.
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
2. technical elements.
3. procedural factors.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
TEST BANK
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography
Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer, Paula J. Visconti, E. Russell Ritenour, Kelli Welch Haynes
8th Edition
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018) – Test Bank
Table of Contents
1.Introduction to Radiation Protection
2.Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
3.Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
4.Radiation Quantities and Units
5.Radiation Monitoring
6.Overview of Cell Biology
7.Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
8.Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
9.Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ Systems
10.Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
11.Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
12.Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
13.Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
14.Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
15.Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018) – Test Bank
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 8th Edition
M U LT I P L E C H O I C E
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to
the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 3, 4, and 5 only
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
ANS: D
2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically
charged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through
which it passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation
ANS: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the
medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation
phobia they may have.
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a
small chance of biologic damage.
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible
biologic damage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of
possible biologic damage.
ANS: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal
to a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANS: C
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
5. The advantages of the B E RT method are
1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment.
3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will
receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received
from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
the referring physician.
ANS: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow A L A R A ? So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to a
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept
responsibility for patient radiation safety.
b.
patient radiation safety.
c. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level
below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.
d. Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which
individuals would have a chance of developing this disease.
ANS: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
1. Time
2. Distance
3. Shielding
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the
hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and
maintenance of the A L A R A program?
a. Assistant administrator of the facility
b. Chief of staff
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018) - Test Bank
c. Radiation Safety Officer
d. Student radiologic technologist
ANS: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a
specific x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of
radiation? a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a. Coulomb per kilogram
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of
the need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be
used for both radiology and nonradiology users of CT?
a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
b. Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric
Imaging. c. American Registry of Radiologic
Technologists
d. The Joint Commission
ANS: B
14. Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure
or practice is justified?
a. A L A R A concept
b. B E RT method
c. Diagnostic efficacy
d. N E X T program
ANS: C
15. Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public?
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
a. ALARA
b. B E RT
c. ORP
d. NEXT
ANS: B
16. Radiology departments or individual radiologic technologists can “pledge” to image gently.
The pledge includes which of the following?
1. Make the image gently message a priority in staff communications each year.
2. Review the protocol recommendations and, when necessary, implement adjustments to
practice processes.
3. Communicate openly with parents.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
17. In a team approach to patient care, various participants
1. assume responsibility for their areas of expertise.
2. emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team
3. rotate as the person in charge of the team
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and
3
ANS: A
18. Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of
the biologic effects of ionizing radiation?
a. Exposure
b. Effective dose
c. Absorbed dose
d. There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of
the biologic effects of ionizing radiation.
ANS: B
19. Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to
be obtained is
a. greater than the risk involved.
b. equal to the risk involved.
c. less than the risk involved.
d. typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit may
be.
ANS: A
20. Which of the following statements below is true?
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
a. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease.
b. The A L A R A principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
c. The B E RT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.
d. The N E X T program and reference values establish a dose level
for radiation-induced malignancy.
ANS: A
21. The A L A R A principle provides a method for comparing the amount of radiation used
in various health care facilities in a particular area for specific imaging procedures. This
information may be helpful to many
a. accrediting bodies.
b. advisory groups.
c. radiation standards organizations.
d. regulatory agencies.
ANS: D
22. The term as low as reasonable achievable ( A LA RA ) is synonymous with the term
a. background equivalent radiation time (BERT).
b. equivalent dose (EqD).
c. diagnostic efficacy.
d. optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
ANS: D
23. Diagnostic efficacy includes
1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified.
2. obtaining images with mi nim al r adi ation ex posure.
3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines.
4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
24. Which of the following are required by The Joint Commission for CT?
1. Annual education of staff in dose reduction techniques
2. Minimum qualifications for medical physicists
3. Documentation of C T radiation doses
4. Management of C T protocols to minimize radiation dose
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANS: D
25. Effective protective measures take into consideration
1. both human and environmental physical determinants.
, Test Bank - Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 8th Edition (Sherer, 2018)
2. technical elements.
3. procedural factors.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
