NSG 3850 FINAL EXAM NEWEST WITH
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027|GRADED A+
HIV - ANSWER>RNA retrovirus that triggers a defect in cell-mediated immunity causing infection
♦ Viral RNA is converted to DNA before the viral genes can be expressed to make copies
• Enzymes in the core are important=RT, integrase, protease, and ligase
♦ Hallmark of HIV infection=decrease in the number of CD4+/T helper cells
♦ Progression to AIDs---TD4 goes lower than 200
♦ Wasting
♦ Not a big concern with blood transfusions anymore
♦ Will convert to AIDs if had HIV for a long time
♦ Teach patient with HIV
CML - ANSWER>♦ Malignant granulocytes that carry a unique chromosomal abnormality called Philadelphia chromosome
♦ High granulocyte count on the CBC, splenomegaly, fatigue, weight loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort
♦ Slower onset
, AML - ANSWER>Malignant disorder associated with transformation of myeloid stem cell
♦ Translocations and inversions cause different presentations
♦ Bone pain, anemia, thrombocytopenia, infection
♦ Urgent and rapid diagnosis/treatment
Cholelithiasis - ANSWER>Supersaturation of bile w/ cholesterol causing nucleation of crystals and hypomotility allowing stone
growth
♦ Nucleation occurs where the cholesterol crystals aggregate together. Continued growth of the crystals then depends on the
balance between cholesterol growth
♦ What would you see in your patient with this?
• Intermittent biliary colic, persistent epigastric or RU abdominal pain
• N/V, sweating, flatus, pain radiates to the back
• May be precipitated by a meal, may manifest at night
♦ What would you teach your patient about what this is?
• Need to worry about bile and cholesterol
• No fatty foods, avoid alcohol,
• Somatostatin---esophageal varices -do not give
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027|GRADED A+
HIV - ANSWER>RNA retrovirus that triggers a defect in cell-mediated immunity causing infection
♦ Viral RNA is converted to DNA before the viral genes can be expressed to make copies
• Enzymes in the core are important=RT, integrase, protease, and ligase
♦ Hallmark of HIV infection=decrease in the number of CD4+/T helper cells
♦ Progression to AIDs---TD4 goes lower than 200
♦ Wasting
♦ Not a big concern with blood transfusions anymore
♦ Will convert to AIDs if had HIV for a long time
♦ Teach patient with HIV
CML - ANSWER>♦ Malignant granulocytes that carry a unique chromosomal abnormality called Philadelphia chromosome
♦ High granulocyte count on the CBC, splenomegaly, fatigue, weight loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort
♦ Slower onset
, AML - ANSWER>Malignant disorder associated with transformation of myeloid stem cell
♦ Translocations and inversions cause different presentations
♦ Bone pain, anemia, thrombocytopenia, infection
♦ Urgent and rapid diagnosis/treatment
Cholelithiasis - ANSWER>Supersaturation of bile w/ cholesterol causing nucleation of crystals and hypomotility allowing stone
growth
♦ Nucleation occurs where the cholesterol crystals aggregate together. Continued growth of the crystals then depends on the
balance between cholesterol growth
♦ What would you see in your patient with this?
• Intermittent biliary colic, persistent epigastric or RU abdominal pain
• N/V, sweating, flatus, pain radiates to the back
• May be precipitated by a meal, may manifest at night
♦ What would you teach your patient about what this is?
• Need to worry about bile and cholesterol
• No fatty foods, avoid alcohol,
• Somatostatin---esophageal varices -do not give
