A 5 year old Holstein cow has had marked ketonuria since uneventfullly calving 10
days ago and has not responded to treatment with dextrose intravenously and
electrolytes and propylene glycol orally. Body condition score at calving was 3.5 on a
5 point scale. Two days before calving, the cow had anorexia and a temperature of
102.5. The cow becomes recumbant and is euthanized. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis
a) aflatoxicosis
b) copper toxicity
c) fasciola hepatica infection
d) hepatic lipidosis
e) leptospirosis
Give this one a try later!
, D) hepatic lipidosis
AKA fatty liver syndroe, is a common metabolic disorder in
dairy cows that occurs around the time of calving due to
energy imbalances and excessive mobilization of body fat.
This condition is particularly likely when cows have poor
appetite or are under metabolic stress, leading to increased
ketone production and fat accumulation in the liver.
Persistent ketosis and ketonuria are often associated with
severe hepatic lipidosis, as the liver struggles to process
and clear the excess mobilized fat.
The cow had a body condition score of 3.5 at calving,
indicating good body reserves, which can lead to greater
fat mobilization postpartum. Fatty liver is most likely to
occur within a few weeks after calving when energy
demands peak.
Approximately 10% of the piglet litters in the farrowing rooms of a swine farm have
mild, watery to pasty diarrhea. The manager of the farm reports that this diarrhea
occurs sporadically in litters as early as two to three days of age and is most prevalent
in gilt litters. Mortality resulting from this diarrhea is low, but dehydration and a poor
growth rate lead to lower weaning weights. Treatment with gentamicin has been
ineffective, so the manager does not treat the piglets for the diarrhea. Which of the
following is the most likely causal agent?
a) circovirus
b) parvovirus
c) porcine enterovirus
d) rotavirus
e) transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Give this one a try later!
, d) rotavirus
Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea in piglets, especially in young
piglets. It typically causes watery to pasty diarrhea with low mortality but
significant effects on grwoth and weaning weights, similar to what is
described in this case.
-Rotavirus infection are often seen in gilt litters where maternal immunity
may not be as strong, leading to higher susceptibility in piglets, leading to
higher susceptibility in piglets.
The diarrhea caused by rotavirus is usually self limiting, but it can lead to
dehydration and poor growth. This explains why mortality is low, but the
piglets may suffer from slower growt rates and lower weaning weights.
-Treatment with abx like gentamicin is ineffective against rotavirus since it is
a viral infection, not bacterial infection which is why treatment haasnt
helped
Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves arrived at
the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later, 40 of the animals
developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with oxytetracycline, and the
pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical examination, the affect calves have
swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with distension of associated tendon sheaths,
and stiff gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem eamination shows fibrinous
pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following organisms is the most
likely cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium
Give this one a try later!
, B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in feedlot
cattle, including respiratory disease, speticemia, and polyarthritis. In this
case, the calves initially developed pneumonia, and now soe of them show
signs of lameness, joint swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with
septic arthritis, and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus somni
infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and papillary
muscle necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni as the causative
agent.
-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia in calves
A 4 year old intact female ferret has had lethargy and depression for the past 24
hours. On physical examination, the mucous membranes are extremely pale and the
vulva is swollen. Packed cell volume is markedly decreased. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) estrogen toxicity
b) gastric ulceration
c) gastrointestinal parasitism
d) hypovitaminosis C
e) pyometra
Give this one a try later!
a) estrogen toxicity
In the female ferret, prolonged estrus can lead to estrogen toxicity. Ferrets
are induced ovulators, meaning they require copulation to trigger
ovulation. If a female ferret remains in estrus without mating, estrogen
levels stay elevated for an extended period. This prolonged exposure to
high estrogen levels causes bone marrow suppression, leading to severe
anemia (as indicated by pale mucous membranes and markedly decreased
packed cell volume)
-signs of estrogen toxicity include: pale mucous membranes due to anemia,
lethargy and depression from low red blood cell levels and hypoxia,
swollen vulva due to high levels of circulating estrogen, marked decrease
days ago and has not responded to treatment with dextrose intravenously and
electrolytes and propylene glycol orally. Body condition score at calving was 3.5 on a
5 point scale. Two days before calving, the cow had anorexia and a temperature of
102.5. The cow becomes recumbant and is euthanized. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis
a) aflatoxicosis
b) copper toxicity
c) fasciola hepatica infection
d) hepatic lipidosis
e) leptospirosis
Give this one a try later!
, D) hepatic lipidosis
AKA fatty liver syndroe, is a common metabolic disorder in
dairy cows that occurs around the time of calving due to
energy imbalances and excessive mobilization of body fat.
This condition is particularly likely when cows have poor
appetite or are under metabolic stress, leading to increased
ketone production and fat accumulation in the liver.
Persistent ketosis and ketonuria are often associated with
severe hepatic lipidosis, as the liver struggles to process
and clear the excess mobilized fat.
The cow had a body condition score of 3.5 at calving,
indicating good body reserves, which can lead to greater
fat mobilization postpartum. Fatty liver is most likely to
occur within a few weeks after calving when energy
demands peak.
Approximately 10% of the piglet litters in the farrowing rooms of a swine farm have
mild, watery to pasty diarrhea. The manager of the farm reports that this diarrhea
occurs sporadically in litters as early as two to three days of age and is most prevalent
in gilt litters. Mortality resulting from this diarrhea is low, but dehydration and a poor
growth rate lead to lower weaning weights. Treatment with gentamicin has been
ineffective, so the manager does not treat the piglets for the diarrhea. Which of the
following is the most likely causal agent?
a) circovirus
b) parvovirus
c) porcine enterovirus
d) rotavirus
e) transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Give this one a try later!
, d) rotavirus
Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea in piglets, especially in young
piglets. It typically causes watery to pasty diarrhea with low mortality but
significant effects on grwoth and weaning weights, similar to what is
described in this case.
-Rotavirus infection are often seen in gilt litters where maternal immunity
may not be as strong, leading to higher susceptibility in piglets, leading to
higher susceptibility in piglets.
The diarrhea caused by rotavirus is usually self limiting, but it can lead to
dehydration and poor growth. This explains why mortality is low, but the
piglets may suffer from slower growt rates and lower weaning weights.
-Treatment with abx like gentamicin is ineffective against rotavirus since it is
a viral infection, not bacterial infection which is why treatment haasnt
helped
Fifteen of a group of 200, 7 month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves arrived at
the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later, 40 of the animals
developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with oxytetracycline, and the
pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical examination, the affect calves have
swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and stifles with distension of associated tendon sheaths,
and stiff gait. Two calves are euthanized. Postmortem eamination shows fibrinous
pleuritis and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following organisms is the most
likely cuase of these signs?
a) arcanobacterium (actinomyces) pyogenes
b) histophilus somni
c ) mannheimia hemolytica
d) pasteurella multocida
e) salmonella thyphimurium
Give this one a try later!
, B) histophilus somni
Histophilus somni is a well known cause of systemic disease in feedlot
cattle, including respiratory disease, speticemia, and polyarthritis. In this
case, the calves initially developed pneumonia, and now soe of them show
signs of lameness, joint swelling, and stiff gait, which are consistent with
septic arthritis, and polyarthritis that can occur after a histophilus somni
infection
- additionally the post mortem finding of fibrinous pleuritis and papillary
muscle necrosis also strongly suggest histophilus soni as the causative
agent.
-Known to cause arthritis, pleuritis, myocarditis, and septicemia in calves
A 4 year old intact female ferret has had lethargy and depression for the past 24
hours. On physical examination, the mucous membranes are extremely pale and the
vulva is swollen. Packed cell volume is markedly decreased. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) estrogen toxicity
b) gastric ulceration
c) gastrointestinal parasitism
d) hypovitaminosis C
e) pyometra
Give this one a try later!
a) estrogen toxicity
In the female ferret, prolonged estrus can lead to estrogen toxicity. Ferrets
are induced ovulators, meaning they require copulation to trigger
ovulation. If a female ferret remains in estrus without mating, estrogen
levels stay elevated for an extended period. This prolonged exposure to
high estrogen levels causes bone marrow suppression, leading to severe
anemia (as indicated by pale mucous membranes and markedly decreased
packed cell volume)
-signs of estrogen toxicity include: pale mucous membranes due to anemia,
lethargy and depression from low red blood cell levels and hypoxia,
swollen vulva due to high levels of circulating estrogen, marked decrease
