IBHRE LATEST EXAMS STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔SUND/Brugada - ✔✔- genetic abnormality involving the Na Channels (Phase 0)
- RBBB on EKG
- Non-ischemic ST elevation in V1-V3
✔✔Early After Depolarization Late potential - ✔✔- Pause dependent trigger - phase 3 of
AP.
- After potential occurs during repol
- probably have subclinical abnormality of cardiac cell membrane
- Long QT, Distorted T-wave, V-wave
- Ex. Torsades
✔✔Delayed After Depolarization Late potential - ✔✔- cathecholamine dependent trigger
- end phase 3/phase4
- After potential occurs when repol is complete
- poss. due to imbalance in sympathetic innervation
-Ex. Digitalis induced arrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, congenital QT elongation
✔✔Depolarization - ✔✔stimulation and depolarization of cardiac cells indicates an influx
of Na and initiation and opening of Na channels. This starts the absolute refractory
period.
, ✔✔Relative Refractory Period - ✔✔immediately follows absolute refractory period.
Potassium channels open to terminate the action potential by repolarization of the
membrane, returning the cell to a negative state.
✔✔Phase 0 - ✔✔Sodium rushes in
✔✔Phase 1 - ✔✔Sodium overshoots
✔✔Phase 2 - ✔✔Calcium leaks in
✔✔Phase 3 - ✔✔Potassium leaks out
✔✔Class 1 Drug Examples - ✔✔Quinidine, Procainamide, Lidocaine
*slows conduction in the heart*
✔✔Class 2 Drug Examples - ✔✔Beta Blockers
*decrease sympathetic stimulation and block impulses causing VT*
✔✔Class 4 Drug Examples - ✔✔CCB
*Works like BB*
✔✔Class 3 Drug Examples - ✔✔Amiodarone, Britillium, Ibutilide
*Slows impulses by blocking the potassium channels*
✔✔Class 1A Drugs - ✔✔Quinidine
- Moderate Sodium Channel Blockade
- Increases ERP
✔✔Class 1B Drugs - ✔✔Lidocaine
- Weak Sodium Channel Blockade
- Decreases ERP
✔✔Class 1C Drugs - ✔✔Flecainide
- Strong Sodium Channel Blockade
- Elongates ERP
✔✔What is the max power with temp for RF? - ✔✔greater than 50 degrees
✔✔Irrigated catheter = - ✔✔deeper lesion. power driver. more focal. higher temp.
✔✔Isuprel effect increases the HR by - ✔✔15-20bpm
✔✔PPI - TCL >115 - ✔✔AVNRT
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔SUND/Brugada - ✔✔- genetic abnormality involving the Na Channels (Phase 0)
- RBBB on EKG
- Non-ischemic ST elevation in V1-V3
✔✔Early After Depolarization Late potential - ✔✔- Pause dependent trigger - phase 3 of
AP.
- After potential occurs during repol
- probably have subclinical abnormality of cardiac cell membrane
- Long QT, Distorted T-wave, V-wave
- Ex. Torsades
✔✔Delayed After Depolarization Late potential - ✔✔- cathecholamine dependent trigger
- end phase 3/phase4
- After potential occurs when repol is complete
- poss. due to imbalance in sympathetic innervation
-Ex. Digitalis induced arrhythmias, cardiac ischemia, congenital QT elongation
✔✔Depolarization - ✔✔stimulation and depolarization of cardiac cells indicates an influx
of Na and initiation and opening of Na channels. This starts the absolute refractory
period.
, ✔✔Relative Refractory Period - ✔✔immediately follows absolute refractory period.
Potassium channels open to terminate the action potential by repolarization of the
membrane, returning the cell to a negative state.
✔✔Phase 0 - ✔✔Sodium rushes in
✔✔Phase 1 - ✔✔Sodium overshoots
✔✔Phase 2 - ✔✔Calcium leaks in
✔✔Phase 3 - ✔✔Potassium leaks out
✔✔Class 1 Drug Examples - ✔✔Quinidine, Procainamide, Lidocaine
*slows conduction in the heart*
✔✔Class 2 Drug Examples - ✔✔Beta Blockers
*decrease sympathetic stimulation and block impulses causing VT*
✔✔Class 4 Drug Examples - ✔✔CCB
*Works like BB*
✔✔Class 3 Drug Examples - ✔✔Amiodarone, Britillium, Ibutilide
*Slows impulses by blocking the potassium channels*
✔✔Class 1A Drugs - ✔✔Quinidine
- Moderate Sodium Channel Blockade
- Increases ERP
✔✔Class 1B Drugs - ✔✔Lidocaine
- Weak Sodium Channel Blockade
- Decreases ERP
✔✔Class 1C Drugs - ✔✔Flecainide
- Strong Sodium Channel Blockade
- Elongates ERP
✔✔What is the max power with temp for RF? - ✔✔greater than 50 degrees
✔✔Irrigated catheter = - ✔✔deeper lesion. power driver. more focal. higher temp.
✔✔Isuprel effect increases the HR by - ✔✔15-20bpm
✔✔PPI - TCL >115 - ✔✔AVNRT
