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NR566 Advanced Pharmacology For Care Of
The Family NR 566 Midterm and Finals
questions and answers already graded A+,
Exams of Nursing
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - --ANS---tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - --ANS---These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - --ANS---the parasympathetic system is stimulated by
the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - --ANS---inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - --ANS---bronchial inflammation
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hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - --ANS---The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of
the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - --ANS---cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - --ANS---there is hypoxia due to unfavorable
conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - --ANS---when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs
and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - --ANS----long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - --ANS----Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria
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most common irritant with bronchitis is? - --ANS---tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - --ANS---- smooth muscle
hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - --ANS---causes increased
bronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials - --ANS---promotes
hypersecretion of mucus
What are characteristics of epithelial cell metaplasia? - --ANS---squamous cells become
nonciliated and are less protective; allow passage of toxins and WBCs
What does the migration of WBCs to the bronchials do? - --ANS---increases inflammation of the
cite and causes fibrosis in the bronchial wall
NR566 Advanced Pharmacology For Care Of
The Family NR 566 Midterm and Finals
questions and answers already graded A+,
Exams of Nursing
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - --ANS---tiotropium and ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - --ANS---These drugs block the effects of the
parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - --ANS---the parasympathetic system is stimulated by
the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the
respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the bronchial
constriction
bronchitis - --ANS---inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - --ANS---bronchial inflammation
,2|Page
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive years
Perfusion - --ANS---The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of
the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion - --ANS---cyanosis
right to left shunting
chronic hypoxemia
Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis - --ANS---there is hypoxia due to unfavorable
conditions for gas exchange
Right to left shunting - --ANS---when blood passes from the right ventricle through the lungs
and to the left ventricle without perfusion
Causes of bronchitis - --ANS----long term exposure to environmental irritants
-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
Pathogenesis of bronchitis - --ANS----Exposure to airborne irritants
- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the lamina propria
, 3|Page
most common irritant with bronchitis is? - --ANS---tobacco product smoke
what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis? (5) - --ANS---- smooth muscle
hypertrophy
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells
- epithelial cell metaplasia
- migration of more WBC to site
- thickening and rigidity of bronchial basement membrane
What does smooth muscle hypertrophy do in lungs? - --ANS---causes increased
bronchoconstriction
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells do what in the bronchials - --ANS---promotes
hypersecretion of mucus
What are characteristics of epithelial cell metaplasia? - --ANS---squamous cells become
nonciliated and are less protective; allow passage of toxins and WBCs
What does the migration of WBCs to the bronchials do? - --ANS---increases inflammation of the
cite and causes fibrosis in the bronchial wall
