BLG 144 ACTUAL COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔prezygotic isolation (bsp) - ✔✔prevents individuals of different species to mate
✔✔postzygotic isolation - ✔✔offspring in matings between members do not survive or
reproduce
✔✔examples of prezygotic isolation and its process - ✔✔temporal- breed at different
time
habitat- breed in different habitats
behavioural- courtship displays differ
gametic barrier- eggs and sperm are incompatible
mechanical-reproductive structures are incompatible
✔✔examples of postzygotic isolation and its process - ✔✔hybrid viability- hybrid
offspring do not develop normally or die as embryos
hybrid sterility- hybrid offspring mature but are sterile in adults
✔✔morphospecies concept - ✔✔groups species based on morphological similarities
✔✔ecological species concept - ✔✔single set of organisms exploiting single set of
resources, same range of environmental conditions
, ✔✔phylogenetic species concept - ✔✔identifies evolutionarily independent lineages,
reconstructing evolutionary history of popualations
✔✔monophyletic group - ✔✔the tree of life including all organisms
aka clade or lineage
✔✔synopomorphy - ✔✔trait found in certain group of organisms that exists in no others
✔✔vicariance - ✔✔physical splitting of habitat (affects speciation)
✔✔allopatric speciation - ✔✔speciation that begins with physical isolation via either
disperal or vicariance
✔✔allopatry - ✔✔populations that live in different area
✔✔sister species - ✔✔closest relatives`
✔✔physical isolation of population via _______ and _________ produces
__________________ - ✔✔dispersal, vicariance, genetic isolation
✔✔sympatry - ✔✔species that live in same geographic area
✔✔sympatric speciation - ✔✔speciation that occurs even though gene flow is possible
(rare/nonexistent)
✔✔why does mutation reduce gene flow between mutant, normal or wildtype individuals
- ✔✔mutant individuals have more than two sets of chromosomes (polyploidy)
✔✔polyploidy - ✔✔occurs when an error in meiosis or mitosis results in a doubling of
the chromosome number
-can lead to reproductive isolation since tetraploid and diploid individuals will produce
sterile offspring so it is futile
✔✔autopolypoid - ✔✔individuals are produced when a mutation results in a doubling of
chromosome number and chromosomes all come from the same species
-less common than allopolyploid
✔✔allopolyploid - ✔✔individuals are created when parent of different species mate and
produce offspring where chromosome number doubles
✔✔reinforcement - ✔✔process by which natural selection increases reproductive
isolation
-sympatric species do not often willing to mate with one another
-allopatric species will often be willing to mate with one another
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔prezygotic isolation (bsp) - ✔✔prevents individuals of different species to mate
✔✔postzygotic isolation - ✔✔offspring in matings between members do not survive or
reproduce
✔✔examples of prezygotic isolation and its process - ✔✔temporal- breed at different
time
habitat- breed in different habitats
behavioural- courtship displays differ
gametic barrier- eggs and sperm are incompatible
mechanical-reproductive structures are incompatible
✔✔examples of postzygotic isolation and its process - ✔✔hybrid viability- hybrid
offspring do not develop normally or die as embryos
hybrid sterility- hybrid offspring mature but are sterile in adults
✔✔morphospecies concept - ✔✔groups species based on morphological similarities
✔✔ecological species concept - ✔✔single set of organisms exploiting single set of
resources, same range of environmental conditions
, ✔✔phylogenetic species concept - ✔✔identifies evolutionarily independent lineages,
reconstructing evolutionary history of popualations
✔✔monophyletic group - ✔✔the tree of life including all organisms
aka clade or lineage
✔✔synopomorphy - ✔✔trait found in certain group of organisms that exists in no others
✔✔vicariance - ✔✔physical splitting of habitat (affects speciation)
✔✔allopatric speciation - ✔✔speciation that begins with physical isolation via either
disperal or vicariance
✔✔allopatry - ✔✔populations that live in different area
✔✔sister species - ✔✔closest relatives`
✔✔physical isolation of population via _______ and _________ produces
__________________ - ✔✔dispersal, vicariance, genetic isolation
✔✔sympatry - ✔✔species that live in same geographic area
✔✔sympatric speciation - ✔✔speciation that occurs even though gene flow is possible
(rare/nonexistent)
✔✔why does mutation reduce gene flow between mutant, normal or wildtype individuals
- ✔✔mutant individuals have more than two sets of chromosomes (polyploidy)
✔✔polyploidy - ✔✔occurs when an error in meiosis or mitosis results in a doubling of
the chromosome number
-can lead to reproductive isolation since tetraploid and diploid individuals will produce
sterile offspring so it is futile
✔✔autopolypoid - ✔✔individuals are produced when a mutation results in a doubling of
chromosome number and chromosomes all come from the same species
-less common than allopolyploid
✔✔allopolyploid - ✔✔individuals are created when parent of different species mate and
produce offspring where chromosome number doubles
✔✔reinforcement - ✔✔process by which natural selection increases reproductive
isolation
-sympatric species do not often willing to mate with one another
-allopatric species will often be willing to mate with one another
