BLG 144 LATEST ALL EXAMS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Pathogens - ✔✔disease causing microbes
✔✔Pathogens enter the body through - ✔✔portals of entry
✔✔Biofilms - ✔✔Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental
surfaces.
Prevent antibiotics from killing them
✔✔2 strategies of bioremediation - ✔✔1. Fertilization of contaminated sites to increase
the growth of bacteria and archea
2. Seeding: Adding bacteria and archea
✔✔What are endospores - ✔✔Tough , thick - walled structure formed during
environmental stress
Stores genetic material in harsh conditions and facilitates survival.
Resumes growth in dividing cells when favourable conditions are restored
, ✔✔How do endospres transmit disease to humans - ✔✔They can survive harsh
conditions and transfer pathogens to humans by protecting its genetic material
✔✔Aspects of lateral gene transfer - ✔✔1. Transformation
2. Transduction
3. Conjugation
✔✔Transformation - ✔✔A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of
external DNA by a cell.
Bact/Arch pick up DNA that has been released by cell lysis
✔✔Cell lysis - ✔✔Cell breaks open due to the increase in its contents
In virsues, during the lytic cycle cell bursts open
✔✔3 sources of energy for bact/arch - ✔✔1. Light
2. Organic molecules
3. Inorganic molecules
✔✔Nitrate Pollution - ✔✔Fertilization of NH3 causes pollution
Fertilization is done by bacteria for food and they release a bi-product as waste
(Nitrite/nitrate)
Causes pollution in aquatic environments and causes anaerobic "dead zones"
✔✔Actinobacteria - ✔✔Gram positive, high G+C content in DNA
✔✔Chlamydiae - ✔✔
✔✔Protists and Malaria - ✔✔Malaria is spread through mosquitos and is caused by
plasmodium which is a parasitic protists
Mosquitos undergo natural selection to become immune to insecticides that kill malaria
Became immune to drugs
✔✔How do protists help control the carbon cycle? - ✔✔Protists store CO2 in aquatic
and terrestrial environments which keeps it out of the atmosphere
✔✔How would fertilizing oceans with iron increase the carbon cycle - ✔✔Iron is a good
nutrient for protists like plankton that helps remove CO2 out of the atmopshere and into
aquatic environments
✔✔Mitochondria + Endosymbiosis theory - ✔✔- Replicate through fission
- Have their own ribosomes and manufacture their own proteins
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Pathogens - ✔✔disease causing microbes
✔✔Pathogens enter the body through - ✔✔portals of entry
✔✔Biofilms - ✔✔Colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental
surfaces.
Prevent antibiotics from killing them
✔✔2 strategies of bioremediation - ✔✔1. Fertilization of contaminated sites to increase
the growth of bacteria and archea
2. Seeding: Adding bacteria and archea
✔✔What are endospores - ✔✔Tough , thick - walled structure formed during
environmental stress
Stores genetic material in harsh conditions and facilitates survival.
Resumes growth in dividing cells when favourable conditions are restored
, ✔✔How do endospres transmit disease to humans - ✔✔They can survive harsh
conditions and transfer pathogens to humans by protecting its genetic material
✔✔Aspects of lateral gene transfer - ✔✔1. Transformation
2. Transduction
3. Conjugation
✔✔Transformation - ✔✔A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of
external DNA by a cell.
Bact/Arch pick up DNA that has been released by cell lysis
✔✔Cell lysis - ✔✔Cell breaks open due to the increase in its contents
In virsues, during the lytic cycle cell bursts open
✔✔3 sources of energy for bact/arch - ✔✔1. Light
2. Organic molecules
3. Inorganic molecules
✔✔Nitrate Pollution - ✔✔Fertilization of NH3 causes pollution
Fertilization is done by bacteria for food and they release a bi-product as waste
(Nitrite/nitrate)
Causes pollution in aquatic environments and causes anaerobic "dead zones"
✔✔Actinobacteria - ✔✔Gram positive, high G+C content in DNA
✔✔Chlamydiae - ✔✔
✔✔Protists and Malaria - ✔✔Malaria is spread through mosquitos and is caused by
plasmodium which is a parasitic protists
Mosquitos undergo natural selection to become immune to insecticides that kill malaria
Became immune to drugs
✔✔How do protists help control the carbon cycle? - ✔✔Protists store CO2 in aquatic
and terrestrial environments which keeps it out of the atmosphere
✔✔How would fertilizing oceans with iron increase the carbon cycle - ✔✔Iron is a good
nutrient for protists like plankton that helps remove CO2 out of the atmopshere and into
aquatic environments
✔✔Mitochondria + Endosymbiosis theory - ✔✔- Replicate through fission
- Have their own ribosomes and manufacture their own proteins
