Page 1 of 37
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY II (ASP 102) EXAM
2026 – PRACTICE COMPLETE CURRENT
TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS|GUARANTEED PASS.
PHYSIOLOGY
Prepare for the Anatomy & Physiology II (ASP 102) Practice Exam with
questions covering body systems, organ functions, physiology
concepts, human anatomy, medical terminology, and cellular
processes. This study guide helps reinforce essential science
knowledge and supports effective exam preparation. Designed to
improve understanding of advanced anatomy and physiology topics
while boosting confidence in academic assessments. Suitable for
nursing, healthcare, and science students.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Section 1: Endocrine System (Questions 1–15)
1. Which gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine
glands?
A) Thyroid
B) Hypothalamus
C) Pineal
D) Pituitary
Answer: D) Pituitary
Rationale: The pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones that regulate other endocrine
glands (thyroid, adrenals, gonads). The hypothalamus controls the pituitary, but the
pituitary itself is termed the "master gland."
2. A patient has high blood glucose, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Which
hormone is most likely deficient?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Aldosterone
Answer: B) Insulin
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Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake. Deficiency causes
diabetes mellitus symptoms: hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria.
3. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Growth hormone
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: PTH releases calcium from bones (osteoclast activation), increases kidney
reabsorption, and activates vitamin D.
4. The adrenal medulla secretes:
A) Cortisol and aldosterone
B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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C) ADH and oxytocin
D) T3 and T4
Answer: B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Rationale: The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion that releases
catecholamines in response to stress.
5. Which hormone regulates daily body rhythms (circadian rhythm) and is secreted by
the pineal gland?
A) Melatonin
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Histamine
Answer: A) Melatonin
Rationale: Melatonin secretion increases in darkness and promotes sleep-wake cycles.
6. A tumor on the anterior pituitary that secretes excess GH in an adult causes:
A) Gigantism
B) Acromegaly
C) Cushing's disease
D) Diabetes insipidus
Answer: B) Acromegaly
Rationale: Excess GH after epiphyseal plates close causes bone thickening and
enlargement of hands, feet, and face.
7. Which hormone lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose uptake into cells?
A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Epinephrine
Answer: C) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin binds to receptors on muscle/fat cells, triggering GLUT4 translocation.
8. Which of the following is an effect of thyroid hormone (T3/T4)?
A) Decreased metabolic rate
B) Decreased body temperature
C) Increased heart rate and oxygen consumption
D) Decreased protein synthesis
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Answer: C) Increased heart rate and oxygen consumption
Rationale: Thyroid hormone increases basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermogenesis, and
sympathetic activity.
G. Which condition results from hypersecretion of cortisol?
A) Addison's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Graves' disease
D) Myxedema
Answer: B) Cushing's syndrome
Rationale: Excess cortisol causes hyperglycemia, central obesity, moon face, and thin skin.
10. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the hypothalamus and released from
the:
A) Anterior pituitary
B) Posterior pituitary
C) Adrenal cortex
D) Thyroid
Answer: B) Posterior pituitary
Rationale: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in hypothalamic nuclei
(supraoptic/paraventricular) but stored/released from posterior pituitary.
11. Lack of iodine in the diet leads to:
A) Graves' disease
B) Goiter
C) Myxedema
D) Pheochromocytoma
Answer: B) Goiter
Rationale: Iodine is needed for T3/T4 synthesis. Deficiency causes low feedback inhibition
→ high TSH → thyroid enlargement.
12. Aldosterone targets the:
A) Heart
B) Kidneys
C) Liver
D) Lungs
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY II (ASP 102) EXAM
2026 – PRACTICE COMPLETE CURRENT
TESTING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS|GUARANTEED PASS.
PHYSIOLOGY
Prepare for the Anatomy & Physiology II (ASP 102) Practice Exam with
questions covering body systems, organ functions, physiology
concepts, human anatomy, medical terminology, and cellular
processes. This study guide helps reinforce essential science
knowledge and supports effective exam preparation. Designed to
improve understanding of advanced anatomy and physiology topics
while boosting confidence in academic assessments. Suitable for
nursing, healthcare, and science students.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Section 1: Endocrine System (Questions 1–15)
1. Which gland is often called the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine
glands?
A) Thyroid
B) Hypothalamus
C) Pineal
D) Pituitary
Answer: D) Pituitary
Rationale: The pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones that regulate other endocrine
glands (thyroid, adrenals, gonads). The hypothalamus controls the pituitary, but the
pituitary itself is termed the "master gland."
2. A patient has high blood glucose, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Which
hormone is most likely deficient?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Aldosterone
Answer: B) Insulin
, Page 2 of 37
Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake. Deficiency causes
diabetes mellitus symptoms: hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria.
3. Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) Thyroid hormone
D) Growth hormone
Answer: B) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: PTH releases calcium from bones (osteoclast activation), increases kidney
reabsorption, and activates vitamin D.
4. The adrenal medulla secretes:
A) Cortisol and aldosterone
B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
, Page 3 of 37
C) ADH and oxytocin
D) T3 and T4
Answer: B) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Rationale: The adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion that releases
catecholamines in response to stress.
5. Which hormone regulates daily body rhythms (circadian rhythm) and is secreted by
the pineal gland?
A) Melatonin
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Histamine
Answer: A) Melatonin
Rationale: Melatonin secretion increases in darkness and promotes sleep-wake cycles.
6. A tumor on the anterior pituitary that secretes excess GH in an adult causes:
A) Gigantism
B) Acromegaly
C) Cushing's disease
D) Diabetes insipidus
Answer: B) Acromegaly
Rationale: Excess GH after epiphyseal plates close causes bone thickening and
enlargement of hands, feet, and face.
7. Which hormone lowers blood glucose by increasing glucose uptake into cells?
A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Insulin
D) Epinephrine
Answer: C) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin binds to receptors on muscle/fat cells, triggering GLUT4 translocation.
8. Which of the following is an effect of thyroid hormone (T3/T4)?
A) Decreased metabolic rate
B) Decreased body temperature
C) Increased heart rate and oxygen consumption
D) Decreased protein synthesis
, Page 4 of 37
Answer: C) Increased heart rate and oxygen consumption
Rationale: Thyroid hormone increases basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermogenesis, and
sympathetic activity.
G. Which condition results from hypersecretion of cortisol?
A) Addison's disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Graves' disease
D) Myxedema
Answer: B) Cushing's syndrome
Rationale: Excess cortisol causes hyperglycemia, central obesity, moon face, and thin skin.
10. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the hypothalamus and released from
the:
A) Anterior pituitary
B) Posterior pituitary
C) Adrenal cortex
D) Thyroid
Answer: B) Posterior pituitary
Rationale: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in hypothalamic nuclei
(supraoptic/paraventricular) but stored/released from posterior pituitary.
11. Lack of iodine in the diet leads to:
A) Graves' disease
B) Goiter
C) Myxedema
D) Pheochromocytoma
Answer: B) Goiter
Rationale: Iodine is needed for T3/T4 synthesis. Deficiency causes low feedback inhibition
→ high TSH → thyroid enlargement.
12. Aldosterone targets the:
A) Heart
B) Kidneys
C) Liver
D) Lungs
