ASU BIO 201 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026-2027
3 kinds of muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER -skeletal, cardiac, smooth
major purpose of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -converting chemical energy in ATP --
> mechanical energy of motion
muscle functions - CORRECT ANSWER --movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents
-stability: maintain posture and prevent mvmt.
-communication: speech, facial expressions and writing
-control of openings and passageways: sphincters
-body heat production
characterizations of connective tissues of a muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -
fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
CT elements and how they merge with other tissues - CORRECT ANSWER -
Tendons = attachments between muscle and bone, dense-
regular CT made of collagen fibers, epimysium surrounding entire muscle is continuous with collagen fi
bers of tendons
role of collagen in connective tissues - CORRECT ANSWER -
stretches slightly under tension and recoils when released
-resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury
-returns muscle to resting length
-contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
skeletal muscle shapes (with examples) - CORRECT ANSWER -Fusiform: biceps bracchi, gastrocnemius
Triangular (convergent): pec major, temporalis
Parallel: rectus abdominus, zygomaticus major
,Circular: orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters
Pennate: rectus femoris, deltoid
ways in which muscle attach to bone - CORRECT ANSWER -Indirect: tendons attach muscle to bone
Direct: fleshy attachment to bone
Some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of the skin
how tendons attach muscle to bone - CORRECT ANSWER -collagen fibers fibers of endo-, peri-
, and epimysium continue into the tendon, the tendon merges into the periosteum of bone
-aponeurosis: tendon is a broad, flat sheet
origin and insertion definition - CORRECT ANSWER -
Origin: bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
Insertion: bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
functional groups of muscles with example - CORRECT ANSWER -for elbow flexion
Prime mover (agonist): brachialis
Synergist: biceps brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii
Fixator: rhomboideus
intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -
Intrinsic: contained within a region (both origin and insertion there)
Extrinsic: act on a designated regions, but has origins elsewhere
characteristics of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -
Responsiveness (excitability): to chemical signals, stretch and electrical changes across plasma membra
ne
Conductivity: local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber
Contractility: shortens when stimulated
, Extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions
Elasticity: returns to its original resting length after being stretched
properties of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -
voluntary, straitaed muscle attached to one or more bones
myofiber - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle cell/muscle fiber, composed of myofibrils
myofibrils - CORRECT ANSWER -
long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the interior of a muscle fiber, composed of myof
ilaments
myofilament - CORRECT ANSWER -
protein microfilament responsible for muscle cell contraction, composed of myosin or actin proteins
functions of each part of a muscle fiber - CORRECT ANSWER -
Sarcolemma: plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Mitochondria: packed in spaces between myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): smooth ER that forms a network around each myofibril-calcium reservoir
Terminal cisternae: dilated end-sacs of SR which cross muscle fiber from one side to the other
T tubules: tubular infoldings of the sarcolemma which penetrate through the cell and emerge on the o
ther side
Triad: a T tubule and 2 terminal cisterns
Internal proteins: long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the sarcoplasm
Multiple nuclei: flattened nuclei pressed against the inside of the sarcolemma
Glycogen and Myoglobin functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glycogen: stored in abundance to provide energy with heightened exercise
Myoglobin: red pigment that stores oxygen needed for muscle activity
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026-2027
3 kinds of muscle tissue - CORRECT ANSWER -skeletal, cardiac, smooth
major purpose of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -converting chemical energy in ATP --
> mechanical energy of motion
muscle functions - CORRECT ANSWER --movement of: whole body, body parts, organ contents
-stability: maintain posture and prevent mvmt.
-communication: speech, facial expressions and writing
-control of openings and passageways: sphincters
-body heat production
characterizations of connective tissues of a muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -
fascia, epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
CT elements and how they merge with other tissues - CORRECT ANSWER -
Tendons = attachments between muscle and bone, dense-
regular CT made of collagen fibers, epimysium surrounding entire muscle is continuous with collagen fi
bers of tendons
role of collagen in connective tissues - CORRECT ANSWER -
stretches slightly under tension and recoils when released
-resists excessive stretching and protects muscle from injury
-returns muscle to resting length
-contribute to power output and muscle efficiency
skeletal muscle shapes (with examples) - CORRECT ANSWER -Fusiform: biceps bracchi, gastrocnemius
Triangular (convergent): pec major, temporalis
Parallel: rectus abdominus, zygomaticus major
,Circular: orbicularis oculi, urethral and anal sphincters
Pennate: rectus femoris, deltoid
ways in which muscle attach to bone - CORRECT ANSWER -Indirect: tendons attach muscle to bone
Direct: fleshy attachment to bone
Some skeletal muscles do not insert on bone, but in dermis of the skin
how tendons attach muscle to bone - CORRECT ANSWER -collagen fibers fibers of endo-, peri-
, and epimysium continue into the tendon, the tendon merges into the periosteum of bone
-aponeurosis: tendon is a broad, flat sheet
origin and insertion definition - CORRECT ANSWER -
Origin: bony attachment at stationary end of muscle
Insertion: bony attachment to mobile end of muscle
functional groups of muscles with example - CORRECT ANSWER -for elbow flexion
Prime mover (agonist): brachialis
Synergist: biceps brachii
Antagonist: triceps brachii
Fixator: rhomboideus
intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles - CORRECT ANSWER -
Intrinsic: contained within a region (both origin and insertion there)
Extrinsic: act on a designated regions, but has origins elsewhere
characteristics of muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -
Responsiveness (excitability): to chemical signals, stretch and electrical changes across plasma membra
ne
Conductivity: local electrical change triggers a wave of excitation that travels along the muscle fiber
Contractility: shortens when stimulated
, Extensibility: capable of being stretched between contractions
Elasticity: returns to its original resting length after being stretched
properties of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER -
voluntary, straitaed muscle attached to one or more bones
myofiber - CORRECT ANSWER -muscle cell/muscle fiber, composed of myofibrils
myofibrils - CORRECT ANSWER -
long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the interior of a muscle fiber, composed of myof
ilaments
myofilament - CORRECT ANSWER -
protein microfilament responsible for muscle cell contraction, composed of myosin or actin proteins
functions of each part of a muscle fiber - CORRECT ANSWER -
Sarcolemma: plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Mitochondria: packed in spaces between myofibrils
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): smooth ER that forms a network around each myofibril-calcium reservoir
Terminal cisternae: dilated end-sacs of SR which cross muscle fiber from one side to the other
T tubules: tubular infoldings of the sarcolemma which penetrate through the cell and emerge on the o
ther side
Triad: a T tubule and 2 terminal cisterns
Internal proteins: long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the sarcoplasm
Multiple nuclei: flattened nuclei pressed against the inside of the sarcolemma
Glycogen and Myoglobin functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
Glycogen: stored in abundance to provide energy with heightened exercise
Myoglobin: red pigment that stores oxygen needed for muscle activity
