ABO NCLE CORE MAIN EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What is a scotoma? - ✔✔A scotoma is an area of partial or complete loss of vision
surrounded by a field of normal vision.
✔✔What are the common refractive errors? - ✔✔Common refractive errors include
myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism.
✔✔What is myopia? - ✔✔Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive error where distant
objects appear blurry.
✔✔What is hyperopia? - ✔✔Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is a refractive error where
close objects appear blurry.
✔✔What is astigmatism? - ✔✔Astigmatism is a refractive error caused by an irregular
shape of the cornea or lens, leading to distorted vision.
✔✔What is presbyopia? - ✔✔Presbyopia is the age-related loss of the eye's ability to
focus on nearby objects.
✔✔What is the purpose of a keratometer? - ✔✔A keratometer measures the curvature
of the anterior surface of the cornea.
, ✔✔What is the function of the corneal topography? - ✔✔Corneal topography maps the
surface curvature of the cornea to assess its shape and detect irregularities.
✔✔What is the significance of the Schirmer's test? - ✔✔The Schirmer's test measures
tear production to assess for dry eye conditions.
✔✔What does the tear film break-up time (BUT) indicate? - ✔✔BUT indicates the
stability of the tear film and helps diagnose dry eye syndrome.
✔✔What is the role of the lacrimal apparatus? - ✔✔The lacrimal apparatus produces
and drains tears to keep the eye moist and free from debris.
✔✔What are the components of the posterior segment of the eye? - ✔✔The posterior
segment includes the lens, ciliary body, vitreous humor, retina, fovea, rods, cones, optic
nerve, and visual pathway.
✔✔What is the purpose of the slit lamp? - ✔✔The slit lamp is used to examine the
anterior and posterior segments of the eye for abnormalities.
✔✔What is the significance of coding in ophthalmology? - ✔✔Coding is essential for
billing, insurance claims, and maintaining accurate medical records.
✔✔What are universal precautions in ophthalmic practice? - ✔✔Universal precautions
are guidelines to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in healthcare settings.
✔✔What is the purpose of a radiuscope in contact lens fitting? - ✔✔To evaluate and
verify the curvature of contact lenses.
✔✔What does a lensometer measure? - ✔✔It measures the power of lenses and
verifies their prescription.
✔✔What are some examples of verification instruments for contact lenses? -
✔✔Thickness gauge, measuring magnifier, diameter gauge.
✔✔What standards must contact lenses comply with? - ✔✔All ANSI Z80 standards.
✔✔What factors are relevant to successful contact lens wear? - ✔✔Lifestyle, medical
history, motivation, and relationship between corneal measurements and lens
parameters.
✔✔Name a special lens design used in contact lenses. - ✔✔Lenticular, torics,
bifocal/multifocal, aspheric, hybrid, scleral, quadrant specific, orthokeratology.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What is a scotoma? - ✔✔A scotoma is an area of partial or complete loss of vision
surrounded by a field of normal vision.
✔✔What are the common refractive errors? - ✔✔Common refractive errors include
myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism.
✔✔What is myopia? - ✔✔Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive error where distant
objects appear blurry.
✔✔What is hyperopia? - ✔✔Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is a refractive error where
close objects appear blurry.
✔✔What is astigmatism? - ✔✔Astigmatism is a refractive error caused by an irregular
shape of the cornea or lens, leading to distorted vision.
✔✔What is presbyopia? - ✔✔Presbyopia is the age-related loss of the eye's ability to
focus on nearby objects.
✔✔What is the purpose of a keratometer? - ✔✔A keratometer measures the curvature
of the anterior surface of the cornea.
, ✔✔What is the function of the corneal topography? - ✔✔Corneal topography maps the
surface curvature of the cornea to assess its shape and detect irregularities.
✔✔What is the significance of the Schirmer's test? - ✔✔The Schirmer's test measures
tear production to assess for dry eye conditions.
✔✔What does the tear film break-up time (BUT) indicate? - ✔✔BUT indicates the
stability of the tear film and helps diagnose dry eye syndrome.
✔✔What is the role of the lacrimal apparatus? - ✔✔The lacrimal apparatus produces
and drains tears to keep the eye moist and free from debris.
✔✔What are the components of the posterior segment of the eye? - ✔✔The posterior
segment includes the lens, ciliary body, vitreous humor, retina, fovea, rods, cones, optic
nerve, and visual pathway.
✔✔What is the purpose of the slit lamp? - ✔✔The slit lamp is used to examine the
anterior and posterior segments of the eye for abnormalities.
✔✔What is the significance of coding in ophthalmology? - ✔✔Coding is essential for
billing, insurance claims, and maintaining accurate medical records.
✔✔What are universal precautions in ophthalmic practice? - ✔✔Universal precautions
are guidelines to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in healthcare settings.
✔✔What is the purpose of a radiuscope in contact lens fitting? - ✔✔To evaluate and
verify the curvature of contact lenses.
✔✔What does a lensometer measure? - ✔✔It measures the power of lenses and
verifies their prescription.
✔✔What are some examples of verification instruments for contact lenses? -
✔✔Thickness gauge, measuring magnifier, diameter gauge.
✔✔What standards must contact lenses comply with? - ✔✔All ANSI Z80 standards.
✔✔What factors are relevant to successful contact lens wear? - ✔✔Lifestyle, medical
history, motivation, and relationship between corneal measurements and lens
parameters.
✔✔Name a special lens design used in contact lenses. - ✔✔Lenticular, torics,
bifocal/multifocal, aspheric, hybrid, scleral, quadrant specific, orthokeratology.
