McMaster PSYCH 1X03 EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
anectodal evidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Evidence from others or
| | | | | | | |
from personal experiences
| |
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Tool used to measure the effect of
| | | | | | | | | |
the independent variable on the dependent variable
| | | | | |
Within-Subject Design - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-In an experiment, each
| | | | | | | |
participant is their own control group. Repeat task while manipulating
| | | | | | | | | |
independent variable. Cons: Time consuming, costly, and Practice Effect
| | | | | | | |
Practice Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Improvement of performance
| | | | | | |
caused by experience, repetition and familiarity
| | | | |
Random Assignmnent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Randomly assigning
| | | | | |
participants to control or experiment groups to reduce bias
| | | | | | | |
,Sample - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Group that represents population and
| | | | | | | |
participates in experiment | |
Population - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-General people we are learning
| | | | | | | |
about
Random Sample - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Selecting participants from a
| | | | | | | |
population at random for an experiment to reduce bias
| | | | | | | |
Confounding Variable - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Variable other than the
| | | | | | | |
independent variable that affects results
| | | |
Placebo Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Participants demonstrate a
| | | | | | |
response unrelated to the therapeutic effect when they know what the
| | | | | | | | | | |
expected results are | |
Participant Bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Actions by the participant that
| | | | | | | | |
effect results, not including the independent variable
| | | | | |
Experimenter Bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Actions by the experimenter
| | | | | | |
that promotes the results they hope to see thus causing inaccurate
| | | | | | | | | | | |
results
,Double-Blind Study - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-When neither the
| | | | | | |
experimenter nor the participants know what group the participants are
| | | | | | | | |
a part of (experiment or control)
| | | | | |
descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Way of presenting data
| | | | | | | |
that instantly describes the general idea of results
| | | | | | |
Histogram - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Graph that shows frequency of each
| | | | | | | |
data point in a set of data
| | | | | | |
Frequency Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Graph that shows the
| | | | | | | |
distribution of how frequently each value appears in a set of data.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Derived from histogram
| |
Normal Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Symmetrical bell curve
| | | | | | |
with one peak
| |
Measures of Variability - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Tell us how spread out
| | | | | | | | | |
data points are
| |
Standard Deviation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Unit of measuring the
| | | | | | | |
average of each point from the mean. Smaller=Data points are
| | | | | | | | | |
concentrated towards the peak | | |
, inferential statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Statistics/results that allow
| | | | | |
|for interpretation and inferences to be made about the population the
| | | | | | | | | | |
sample represents |
T-Test - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Test that determines the probability that
| | | | | | | | |
the two samples (group and experimental) were drawn from the same
| | | | | | | | | | |
population therefore difference between data points were derived by
| | | | | | | | |
chance
P-Value - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-T-tests's unit of measurement to
| | | | | | | |
determine whether difference between data point is large enough to
| | | | | | | | | |
make claim. <5% = Less than 5% probability to gain data by chance
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
therefore significant. |
Statistical Significant - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Difference between
| | | | | |
groups are truly caused by manipulated variable rather than
| | | | | | | |
chance/random variation (P value <5%)
| | | | |
Observational/Correlation Studies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Form of | | | | | |
data collection to avoid unethical experimentation. Observe variables
| | | | | | | |
without performing explicit manipulation
| | |
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A measure of the strength and
| | | | | | | | |
direction of the relationship between two variables or data sets.
| | | | | | | | |
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
anectodal evidence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Evidence from others or
| | | | | | | |
from personal experiences
| |
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Tool used to measure the effect of
| | | | | | | | | |
the independent variable on the dependent variable
| | | | | |
Within-Subject Design - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-In an experiment, each
| | | | | | | |
participant is their own control group. Repeat task while manipulating
| | | | | | | | | |
independent variable. Cons: Time consuming, costly, and Practice Effect
| | | | | | | |
Practice Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Improvement of performance
| | | | | | |
caused by experience, repetition and familiarity
| | | | |
Random Assignmnent - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Randomly assigning
| | | | | |
participants to control or experiment groups to reduce bias
| | | | | | | |
,Sample - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Group that represents population and
| | | | | | | |
participates in experiment | |
Population - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-General people we are learning
| | | | | | | |
about
Random Sample - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Selecting participants from a
| | | | | | | |
population at random for an experiment to reduce bias
| | | | | | | |
Confounding Variable - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Variable other than the
| | | | | | | |
independent variable that affects results
| | | |
Placebo Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Participants demonstrate a
| | | | | | |
response unrelated to the therapeutic effect when they know what the
| | | | | | | | | | |
expected results are | |
Participant Bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Actions by the participant that
| | | | | | | | |
effect results, not including the independent variable
| | | | | |
Experimenter Bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Actions by the experimenter
| | | | | | |
that promotes the results they hope to see thus causing inaccurate
| | | | | | | | | | | |
results
,Double-Blind Study - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-When neither the
| | | | | | |
experimenter nor the participants know what group the participants are
| | | | | | | | |
a part of (experiment or control)
| | | | | |
descriptive statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Way of presenting data
| | | | | | | |
that instantly describes the general idea of results
| | | | | | |
Histogram - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Graph that shows frequency of each
| | | | | | | |
data point in a set of data
| | | | | | |
Frequency Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Graph that shows the
| | | | | | | |
distribution of how frequently each value appears in a set of data.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Derived from histogram
| |
Normal Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Symmetrical bell curve
| | | | | | |
with one peak
| |
Measures of Variability - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Tell us how spread out
| | | | | | | | | |
data points are
| |
Standard Deviation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Unit of measuring the
| | | | | | | |
average of each point from the mean. Smaller=Data points are
| | | | | | | | | |
concentrated towards the peak | | |
, inferential statistics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Statistics/results that allow
| | | | | |
|for interpretation and inferences to be made about the population the
| | | | | | | | | | |
sample represents |
T-Test - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Test that determines the probability that
| | | | | | | | |
the two samples (group and experimental) were drawn from the same
| | | | | | | | | | |
population therefore difference between data points were derived by
| | | | | | | | |
chance
P-Value - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-T-tests's unit of measurement to
| | | | | | | |
determine whether difference between data point is large enough to
| | | | | | | | | |
make claim. <5% = Less than 5% probability to gain data by chance
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
therefore significant. |
Statistical Significant - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Difference between
| | | | | |
groups are truly caused by manipulated variable rather than
| | | | | | | |
chance/random variation (P value <5%)
| | | | |
Observational/Correlation Studies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Form of | | | | | |
data collection to avoid unethical experimentation. Observe variables
| | | | | | | |
without performing explicit manipulation
| | |
Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A measure of the strength and
| | | | | | | | |
direction of the relationship between two variables or data sets.
| | | | | | | | |
