ESS 101 B Laboratory 8 Quiz: Geologic
Hazards – Earthquakes and Landslides
Verified 100%
Question 1
The force applied to a rock per unit area is called:
A. Strain
B. Stress
C. Elastic rebound
D. Ductile deformation
Rationale: Stress is force/area; strain is the resulting deformation.
Question 2
A rock that bends but does not break is undergoing:
A. Brittle deformation
B. Ductile deformation
C. Elastic deformation
D. Shear fracture
Rationale: Ductile deformation involves bending or flowing without fracturing.
Question 3
Which type of stress pulls rocks apart?
A. Compression
B. Shear
C. Tension
D. Confining pressure
Rationale: Tension stretches rocks, typical at divergent boundaries.
,Question 4
Compressional stress is most common at which plate boundary?
A. Divergent
B. Convergent
C. Transform
D. Hot spot
Rationale: Convergent boundaries push plates together, creating compression.
Question 5
Shear stress causes rocks to:
A. Pull apart
B. Push together
C. Slide past each other
D. Fold into anticlines
Rationale: Shear stress is parallel to the surface, causing lateral sliding.
Question 6
The San Andreas Fault is primarily associated with which type of stress?
A. Tension
B. Compression
C. Shear
D. Hydrostatic
Rationale: The San Andreas is a transform fault with horizontal shear.
Question 7
A normal fault is produced by which type of stress?
A. Tension
B. Compression
C. Shear
D. Torsion
,Rationale: Normal faults form under extensional (tensional) stress.
Question 8
In a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves:
A. Down relative to footwall
B. Up relative to footwall
C. Laterally
D. Not at all
Rationale: Reverse faults are compressional; the hanging wall moves up.
Question 9
A thrust fault is a type of:
A. Normal fault
B. Strike-slip fault
C. Reverse fault with low dip angle
D. Transform fault
Rationale: Thrust faults are low-angle reverse faults.
Question 10
Strike-slip faults have predominantly which type of movement?
A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Diagonal
D. Rotational
Rationale: In strike-slip faults, displacement is horizontal.
Question 11
The elastic rebound theory explains:
A. How volcanoes form
B. How energy is released during an earthquake
, C. Why landslides occur
D. How faults are created
Rationale: Elastic rebound: stress builds, rock deforms elastically, then ruptures,
releasing energy.
Question 12
The point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts is the:
A. Epicenter
B. Hypocenter (focus)
C. Fault scarp
D. Aftershock zone
Rationale: The hypocenter is the subsurface origin; epicenter is above it.
Question 13
The epicenter of an earthquake is located:
A. At the hypocenter
B. On the Earth’s surface directly above the focus
C. At the deepest point of fault slip
D. Along the fault trace
Rationale: The epicenter is the surface projection of the focus.
Question 14
Which seismic wave arrives first at a seismograph station?
A. S-wave
B. Surface wave
C. P-wave
D. Love wave
Rationale: P-waves (primary) are fastest.
Question 15
Hazards – Earthquakes and Landslides
Verified 100%
Question 1
The force applied to a rock per unit area is called:
A. Strain
B. Stress
C. Elastic rebound
D. Ductile deformation
Rationale: Stress is force/area; strain is the resulting deformation.
Question 2
A rock that bends but does not break is undergoing:
A. Brittle deformation
B. Ductile deformation
C. Elastic deformation
D. Shear fracture
Rationale: Ductile deformation involves bending or flowing without fracturing.
Question 3
Which type of stress pulls rocks apart?
A. Compression
B. Shear
C. Tension
D. Confining pressure
Rationale: Tension stretches rocks, typical at divergent boundaries.
,Question 4
Compressional stress is most common at which plate boundary?
A. Divergent
B. Convergent
C. Transform
D. Hot spot
Rationale: Convergent boundaries push plates together, creating compression.
Question 5
Shear stress causes rocks to:
A. Pull apart
B. Push together
C. Slide past each other
D. Fold into anticlines
Rationale: Shear stress is parallel to the surface, causing lateral sliding.
Question 6
The San Andreas Fault is primarily associated with which type of stress?
A. Tension
B. Compression
C. Shear
D. Hydrostatic
Rationale: The San Andreas is a transform fault with horizontal shear.
Question 7
A normal fault is produced by which type of stress?
A. Tension
B. Compression
C. Shear
D. Torsion
,Rationale: Normal faults form under extensional (tensional) stress.
Question 8
In a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves:
A. Down relative to footwall
B. Up relative to footwall
C. Laterally
D. Not at all
Rationale: Reverse faults are compressional; the hanging wall moves up.
Question 9
A thrust fault is a type of:
A. Normal fault
B. Strike-slip fault
C. Reverse fault with low dip angle
D. Transform fault
Rationale: Thrust faults are low-angle reverse faults.
Question 10
Strike-slip faults have predominantly which type of movement?
A. Vertical
B. Horizontal
C. Diagonal
D. Rotational
Rationale: In strike-slip faults, displacement is horizontal.
Question 11
The elastic rebound theory explains:
A. How volcanoes form
B. How energy is released during an earthquake
, C. Why landslides occur
D. How faults are created
Rationale: Elastic rebound: stress builds, rock deforms elastically, then ruptures,
releasing energy.
Question 12
The point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts is the:
A. Epicenter
B. Hypocenter (focus)
C. Fault scarp
D. Aftershock zone
Rationale: The hypocenter is the subsurface origin; epicenter is above it.
Question 13
The epicenter of an earthquake is located:
A. At the hypocenter
B. On the Earth’s surface directly above the focus
C. At the deepest point of fault slip
D. Along the fault trace
Rationale: The epicenter is the surface projection of the focus.
Question 14
Which seismic wave arrives first at a seismograph station?
A. S-wave
B. Surface wave
C. P-wave
D. Love wave
Rationale: P-waves (primary) are fastest.
Question 15
