Student solutions manual to accompany. A 10th edition by Peter Atkins.

3
 5679 97 7 7
8 8 8

3
8

 5679777
8 8 8

8 8 87 
38 8 8 8 


!"#$
!
%%&!

'2

(%
#)

*#+"&!

'2
(%
%
#%
"


!
%%&!

"


(%
,'&$-

+
!"
#2
#"

'..&#
-
$')

"


%*

.')"#)
!
%
"


*#+"&!

"
"


%*

"
*
!"&!
/
01234567
$,

#%

$#*#"#)(
$,
8
.&%

#"

'$-%

+."$9
')$9
&)-
!
.')-#"#')%
,

!

"


(%
%

:

)'


22
."
&')

.

'"

!/

#%
.)
')$9
8

"!&

#)
"


$#*#"
'2
;
!'
!
%%&!

,

!

"


*
'$
.&$
%
'2
"


(%
!

:
!9
2!
!"/


).
<
01234567
$,

'$-%

+."$9
')$9
2'!

*#+"
&!

'2

!2
."
(%
%=
2'!
!
$
(%
%<
"


$,
#%
')$9
)
!'+#* "#')/





>? 8 87@77
33ABC8 8 



!2
."
(%
$,
D0E/FG
#%
HIJK
LMNOJ#*$9#)(
"
"
"


!
%%&!

,'&$-
8


HJP
LIMQNQ
E$$
R&)"#"#
%
')
"


!#(
"
!

(#:
)
"'
&%

+.
"
L<
,
#.

.)
8

.'*&"
-
2!'*
"


(#
:
)
* %%
'2
E!/


LJP
SF
(
TUVP
XVYSY
*'$







UF
(
*'$W0


Z
[XVYSY
*'$\
]
[^VT0
]
0XWS
-*T
8!
_W0
*'$W0\
]
[TX
`
SaT\
_0
XP/ZF8!

%'
Z





HJ 0VF
-*T

PZ
b'
)'<
"


%*$

,'&$-
)'"

+
!"

!
%%&!

'2
S/X
8!/

3ABC c4d2e67
$,
D0E/fG
$#
%/

HIJK
.')%")"
%'
H2I2
K
H#I#

b'$:

2'!
"


#)#"#$
!
%%&!
g

HI
ACh H#
P


P2Z2
[0VU[SaV
08f
!`\

0]V
^[SXV\0
-f*
-T*

\
P0Z/Xa
8!

T
I#

ACh


'!#(#)$
!
%%&!

#)
'!!
#%

HiJZP
[0/Xa
8!\
] 0j"*
k
]
i
aYX
'!!
k
P^ZXT
'!!



mn
0/X0T
8!
op
mn
0
"*
opZ
Z l Z



#

3qABC



!
$"#')
8
",

)
!
%%&!

)-
"
*
!"&!

"
.')%")"
:'$&*

.)
8

-
!#:
-
2!'*
"




!2
."
(%
$,<
HIHJK
LMN H JD 0E/FG

%'
HJr
NQ )-
P
#

2


N#
N2




2#)$
!
%%&!
<
"

)<
'&(
"
"'
8


HJ2
P
HN#N2
P
[0SF
st\
]P
Z[00
`
SaT\_
0SX
st

#
[ST
`
SaT\_

3uABC
E..'!-#)(
"'
"



!2
."
(%
$,
D0/^G<
')

.)
.'*&"

"


*'&)"
'2
(%
2!'*
!
%%&!

<
"
*
!"&!
<
)-
:'$&*
/

HIJK
LMNQ
%'
LJP
HIJMNQ

0


,23456773893893 3455375343737537335782353 3573 

3 334 6 5  335

 3 3407330
 5




39!3 !3"

#39
3 8!!3$39
3%8!3
8
3&
3
 '(9
"3$) 39
38 (
938
"39
3
8)3 8!!*

+,23453 3573 3 345673%3 5 32303 3573%0326-3 3573<
%

./01234
56
39983')
!!()
3 !39
3
79
)
83')
!!()
3'(!39
38")!989
3')
!!()
395:65;#3 8<
%39

39983')
!!()







0


, 5 553

5 55559555
559
59
5 55
55
9 5
55!"#"5$
9%"5&35'55(05"


5"050


(5 )*565-*5$2+75,5 % &2/-5.,5 65 %
25 65$1+225%5(35&565$7+245%&






45527(35%567-

2750
,

*
23456527058 *523456527(359%

89:;<=>? '55"
59
59995"5,"@
5A

5 55B 2C32D


5 5 5EF75'5 5259%5 5237206274589G
0

9
/525.05,550-/
6 5 25 %5 0
5654
5 65732775%5651327F5%5(35*5230056527H589

5
(3
6


54
   * 5203445,5 % 56
(0
- 55275 ,7
5527
%57-
*5237205652745895I5230056527H5895*5232HF5652745892524
5.89

89:J<=>? K 99
,55
5,95 #9"
5B2C34D55,"@5 L*5 M *5 M%

NO) O)
C!!5,9595
5"
55!"%"5
5P535'
55@9!5
5 M%QO 9!
955P55
"!!5,"@555@9!5
5L3

'5%!95%95 9
55"
 5,

M *5NLO*5 R LO)
S)

"5
599
,%
5,"@5 S *5R LO *55LO)
M ) )
'55@9!5
5S "59"
5
%59
5 9!9"
5
5Q @5 5P5T5
5"
 5"5SQLO3

U9
555
!!
"
,59!V



Q9%
$M%QO&Q$%059%5WX25%!X2&
$Q&Q$,5%X059%X2&

73E475777
737235772H
23H32541

734775777
737235733E
23H32533

733475777
7372357H2H
23H3E517

Y%5Y",52C32$9&G5 L*5!"%
/5 M%550-*-7372357F35%059%5W(25%!
Z754 55 O 67-(2

-




[\]^_`a89:8?
?
<b>?





0


, 





55

5
234556552!5"5#50$%5&&55'()5*+,

-7#5
5./7 5!5"5#5748940$41$5')5*+52,5
,
535$%)4&52
5350$%&&55'()5*+,


234
 652789
#) ZZ0055
,


5657*
5+*8'595.7'7*+:595+65*;;<+'57*
5=5444&5<5;8+
5++5+6*8
5;*855><;+'595*5
8*5>+*<
*+8595+65'*+*5<8+:

?@AB  565*::5'8C:7+=5!5
:5
*+'5+5+65
*57
5C5=

C77#5 #5C5735D7#5-E

FE DE FE !








G65-7:5+65
*5*::5H++85+6:5
*+858+5+65<9;+5*:5
*G5I&J5=
':

2C5K5./E :
2-7#5./E
!
L**885+6:5:
+57:5*85><::8595-M58;5G5N8G5+65
*5*::
5G5;*
85'7'5=5+65
*5*::595<6:<6:5*+:5+5'+85+658595*+:5<5
*:5
;


-7#5./2E!#0)0&5H*5 5

5315I45345454O055$H%*)

52J535441)005N5 5


) , ,)

#5 4$05N5
,5#5$055
,



5658595*+,
:5<5
;
5:

$055
#50444

)4455
,
5
::+85*59
*595H0

?@AP  Q:5+65<9;+5*:5R*+85I&J5+5;<+5+65*8+M5+685;87+5+5*::

2C7K5F./E :
F7
#2C5
/.E
7

S58'5+65<*+*
5<::595G*+
5G6;65:5&)5<5;8+595+65R
57*<5<
::5*+5+65785+<*+5*8'5:+*8'*'5<::5S5:+5
N5+5<585*56*8'
N5
N5+65T.T75+65:;5:;65*:5+65UVW55X6:+=5SYN



0