MCB 3020 EXAM 3 NEWEST WITH
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 100% CORRECT
What are B cell antigen receptors? - ANSWER>Called membrane antibodies (or membrane immunoglobulins). Have
the same specificity as the antibodies it later secretes as a plasma cell.
What are T cell antigen receptors? - ANSWER>Called T cell receptors (TCRs). Different in structure from antibodies
but in the same family. Never secreted.
What is meant by diversity in immune response? - ANSWER>Diversity in B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes allows
the immune system to recognize millions of antigens, each bearing approx. 100,000 identical receptors specific for
a particular antigen.
What triggers an immune response in diversity? - ANSWER>The foreign antigen triggers an immune response
against itself by interacting with a specific lymphocyte (antigen-driven activation, clonal selection).
What is lymphocyte differentiation? - ANSWER>Gives rise to 2 populations of identical cells (clones):
,Effector cells - short lived, combat the same antigen.
Memory cells - long lived, bearing membrane receptors specific for the same antigen.
What is the primary immune response? - ANSWER>First exposure to an antigen. Takes 10-17 days. Symptoms
occur. B and T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells (plasma cells and cytotoxic T cells). Memory cells
are also produced.
What is the secondary immune response? - ANSWER>Subsequent exposures to the same antigen. Takes only 2-7
days. Greater in magnitude and more prolonged. Due to presence of memory cells that quickly proliferate and
differentiate.
What is self-tolerance? - ANSWER>B and T cells do not react to the body's proteins and polysaccharides. Cells with
receptors against self are destroyed by apoptosis. The capacity to distinguish self from nonself.
What happens if self-tolerance fails? - ANSWER>Can lead to autoimmune diseases.
What is the role of B lymphocytes in antibody production? - ANSWER>Circulating B lymphocyte binds with antigen.
, How do B lymphocytes respond after binding to an antigen? - ANSWER>Respond in 2 ways:
Stimulated to proliferate and increase in number with the same specificity.
Differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells.
What kind of immune response is generated by B lymphocytes? - ANSWER>A particular kind of immune response
generated by B lymphocytes (antibody-mediated / humoral immune response).
What is immunization/vaccination? - ANSWER>Introduction of a safe form of microorganism or its components
that does not cause disease.
What is the purpose of vaccination? - ANSWER>Prevent or diminish the symptoms of the disease.
What can be used to make vaccines?
a) Live, attenuated microorganisms b) Killed microorganisms c) Purified components of microorganisms -
ANSWER>All of the above
What is active immunity? - ANSWER>Depends on the ability of the immunized person's immune system to mount a
response.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 100% CORRECT
What are B cell antigen receptors? - ANSWER>Called membrane antibodies (or membrane immunoglobulins). Have
the same specificity as the antibodies it later secretes as a plasma cell.
What are T cell antigen receptors? - ANSWER>Called T cell receptors (TCRs). Different in structure from antibodies
but in the same family. Never secreted.
What is meant by diversity in immune response? - ANSWER>Diversity in B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes allows
the immune system to recognize millions of antigens, each bearing approx. 100,000 identical receptors specific for
a particular antigen.
What triggers an immune response in diversity? - ANSWER>The foreign antigen triggers an immune response
against itself by interacting with a specific lymphocyte (antigen-driven activation, clonal selection).
What is lymphocyte differentiation? - ANSWER>Gives rise to 2 populations of identical cells (clones):
,Effector cells - short lived, combat the same antigen.
Memory cells - long lived, bearing membrane receptors specific for the same antigen.
What is the primary immune response? - ANSWER>First exposure to an antigen. Takes 10-17 days. Symptoms
occur. B and T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells (plasma cells and cytotoxic T cells). Memory cells
are also produced.
What is the secondary immune response? - ANSWER>Subsequent exposures to the same antigen. Takes only 2-7
days. Greater in magnitude and more prolonged. Due to presence of memory cells that quickly proliferate and
differentiate.
What is self-tolerance? - ANSWER>B and T cells do not react to the body's proteins and polysaccharides. Cells with
receptors against self are destroyed by apoptosis. The capacity to distinguish self from nonself.
What happens if self-tolerance fails? - ANSWER>Can lead to autoimmune diseases.
What is the role of B lymphocytes in antibody production? - ANSWER>Circulating B lymphocyte binds with antigen.
, How do B lymphocytes respond after binding to an antigen? - ANSWER>Respond in 2 ways:
Stimulated to proliferate and increase in number with the same specificity.
Differentiate into memory B cells and plasma cells.
What kind of immune response is generated by B lymphocytes? - ANSWER>A particular kind of immune response
generated by B lymphocytes (antibody-mediated / humoral immune response).
What is immunization/vaccination? - ANSWER>Introduction of a safe form of microorganism or its components
that does not cause disease.
What is the purpose of vaccination? - ANSWER>Prevent or diminish the symptoms of the disease.
What can be used to make vaccines?
a) Live, attenuated microorganisms b) Killed microorganisms c) Purified components of microorganisms -
ANSWER>All of the above
What is active immunity? - ANSWER>Depends on the ability of the immunized person's immune system to mount a
response.
