WGU D441 MEDICAL DOSAGE CALCULATIONS AND
PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTER 2 PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
100% Correct 63
Incorrect 0
1 of 63
Definition
Drugs with nonselective interactions work in a more generalized way,
affecting multiple systems or targets in the body rather than just one
specific site. Here's how they do their thing:
1. General Mechanism: Unlike selective drugs that target specific
receptors or enzymes, nonselective drugs interact with a variety of
receptors or cellular components. This broad action can lead to
widespread effects.
2.Example - Alcohol: Alcohol is a classic example of a
nonselective drug. It affects various neurotransmitter systems in the
brain, including GABA, glutamate, and dopamine. This results in its
wide range of effects, from sedation and relaxation to impaired motor
skills and
judgment.
3.Widespread Effects: Because these drugs don't discriminate, they
,can impact multiple organs and systems. This can be both a
blessing and a curse, providing broad therapeutic effects but also
leading to more side effects.
4. Clinical Use: Nonselective drugs can be useful in situations where a
broad action is needed. For instance, certain chemotherapy drugs
are nonselective because they target rapidly dividing cells, affecting
both cancerous and healthy cells.
So, nonselective drugs work by casting a wide net, affecting
multiple targets and systems in the body, which can lead to a range
of
therapeutic effects and potential side effects.
Give this one a go later!
How do warfarin and amiodarone What do competitive antagonists do?
interact? Give an example.
Explain how nonselective Explain the relationship with
interactions work. potassium and digoxin.
Don't know?
,2 of 63
Term
Which route of drug administration decreases the likelihood of
systemic drug effects?
Give this one a go later!
Intramuscular Systemic
Topical Oral
Don't know?
3 of 63
Term
How do antacids affect levofloxacin?
Give this one a go later!
, Antacids can affect the absorption of levofloxacin by binding to it in the
stomach and intestines, which reduces the amount of the drug that gets
absorbed into the bloodstream. This interaction can make levofloxacin less
effective in treating infections. It's usually recommended to take levofloxacin
either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking antacids to avoid this interaction.
So, antacids decrease the absorption of levofloxacin.
Competitive antagonists are like rival explorers trying to claim the same treasure.
They compete with agonists for the same binding site on a receptor. By binding to
the receptor, they block the agonist from activating it, effectively preventing the
intended response.
Example: Let's take the beta-blocker propranolol. It competes with adrenaline (an
agonist) for binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. By blocking these
receptors, propranolol reduces heart rate and blood pressure, counteracting the
effects of adrenaline.
So, competitive antagonists work by outcompeting agonists for receptor sites,
thereby blocking their action.
1. A drug moves from the intestinal lumen into the mesenteric blood system
2. A drug binds to the plasma protein albumin and circulates throughout the body
3. Enzymes in the liver transform the drug into an inactive metabolite.
4. Drug metabolites are secreted through passive globular filtration into the renal
tubules.
The characteristic of the cells or tissue targeted by the drug. Once the drug is at the
site of action, it can modify (increase or decrease) the rate at which that cells or
tissue functions, or it can modify the strength of function of that cell or tissue.
Example: Positive chronotropic drugs increase the speed of the heart rate by
binding to beta-1 receptors and increasing calcium ions in the cell. Inotropic drugs
affect the force of contraction by acting on the heart muscles.
PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTER 2 PHARMACOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
100% Correct 63
Incorrect 0
1 of 63
Definition
Drugs with nonselective interactions work in a more generalized way,
affecting multiple systems or targets in the body rather than just one
specific site. Here's how they do their thing:
1. General Mechanism: Unlike selective drugs that target specific
receptors or enzymes, nonselective drugs interact with a variety of
receptors or cellular components. This broad action can lead to
widespread effects.
2.Example - Alcohol: Alcohol is a classic example of a
nonselective drug. It affects various neurotransmitter systems in the
brain, including GABA, glutamate, and dopamine. This results in its
wide range of effects, from sedation and relaxation to impaired motor
skills and
judgment.
3.Widespread Effects: Because these drugs don't discriminate, they
,can impact multiple organs and systems. This can be both a
blessing and a curse, providing broad therapeutic effects but also
leading to more side effects.
4. Clinical Use: Nonselective drugs can be useful in situations where a
broad action is needed. For instance, certain chemotherapy drugs
are nonselective because they target rapidly dividing cells, affecting
both cancerous and healthy cells.
So, nonselective drugs work by casting a wide net, affecting
multiple targets and systems in the body, which can lead to a range
of
therapeutic effects and potential side effects.
Give this one a go later!
How do warfarin and amiodarone What do competitive antagonists do?
interact? Give an example.
Explain how nonselective Explain the relationship with
interactions work. potassium and digoxin.
Don't know?
,2 of 63
Term
Which route of drug administration decreases the likelihood of
systemic drug effects?
Give this one a go later!
Intramuscular Systemic
Topical Oral
Don't know?
3 of 63
Term
How do antacids affect levofloxacin?
Give this one a go later!
, Antacids can affect the absorption of levofloxacin by binding to it in the
stomach and intestines, which reduces the amount of the drug that gets
absorbed into the bloodstream. This interaction can make levofloxacin less
effective in treating infections. It's usually recommended to take levofloxacin
either 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking antacids to avoid this interaction.
So, antacids decrease the absorption of levofloxacin.
Competitive antagonists are like rival explorers trying to claim the same treasure.
They compete with agonists for the same binding site on a receptor. By binding to
the receptor, they block the agonist from activating it, effectively preventing the
intended response.
Example: Let's take the beta-blocker propranolol. It competes with adrenaline (an
agonist) for binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. By blocking these
receptors, propranolol reduces heart rate and blood pressure, counteracting the
effects of adrenaline.
So, competitive antagonists work by outcompeting agonists for receptor sites,
thereby blocking their action.
1. A drug moves from the intestinal lumen into the mesenteric blood system
2. A drug binds to the plasma protein albumin and circulates throughout the body
3. Enzymes in the liver transform the drug into an inactive metabolite.
4. Drug metabolites are secreted through passive globular filtration into the renal
tubules.
The characteristic of the cells or tissue targeted by the drug. Once the drug is at the
site of action, it can modify (increase or decrease) the rate at which that cells or
tissue functions, or it can modify the strength of function of that cell or tissue.
Example: Positive chronotropic drugs increase the speed of the heart rate by
binding to beta-1 receptors and increasing calcium ions in the cell. Inotropic drugs
affect the force of contraction by acting on the heart muscles.
