WGU D441 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 120
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
-process of adding a liquid dilute (SOLVENT) to a powdered med (SOLUTE) to make
a solution (w med now in liquid form)
-necessary by certain meds doesn't stay stable long enough to be distributed in a
solution type of form so its sent in as a powder to be reconstituted with a liquid
before drug administration
-read directions on insert / label: will tell you the type and am not of solvent to
add (ex. Water, sterile water, saline)
-use syringe and needle to draw solvent-> powdered med
-roll vial between hands to mix (making sure the med dissolves completely in the
solution)
-single dose (discard after admin) multi dose (stored and used later, document) -
CORRECT ANSWER Principles of Drug Reconstitution
- more sensitive than adults and may need to calculate (wt., hit, physical
condition, immature systems, and metabolism)
-make sure abiding by the 6 rights of drug admin
-pediatric doses are often less than 1 mL and require a tuberculin syringe for
accurate dosing
-pediatric meds are calculated using infant or child's Kg weight - CORRECT
ANSWER Pediatric Dosing
2.2 lb. = 1 kg
,X Kg= 1 kg/2.2 lb. x 24 lb./ 1 - CORRECT ANSWER CONVERTING LBS-> KG
1000 g = 1 KG
X kg = 1 kg/1000g x 2300 g / 1 - CORRECT ANSWER Converting grams to kilograms
Example (DA version)
1. Convert wt. in lb.->kg
2. Note the recommended dose range
3. Calculate the minimum dose first:
Mg./dose=10mg/kg/dose X 1 kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1
4. Calculate maximum dose:
X mg/dose= 15mg/kg/dose X 1kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1
5. Child may receive #-# mg of med as a single dose - CORRECT ANSWER
Calculating safe dose range pediatric with given wt.
came from the word "obstetric" means "midwife".
-commonly used IV meds to prevent seizures in pregnant woman (Mg Sulfate CNS
depressant) - CORRECT ANSWER Obstetric Nursing
-promote relaxation
-relieve anxiety
-help or induce sleep
-moderate sedation (before and during invasive procedures like colonoscopies -
CORRECT ANSWER CNS Depressants
,Function
-Benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide)
Long acting: clonazepam (Kolodin), Diazepam (Valium), Flurazepam (Dalmane)
MOA:
-enhances the GABA effect of the CNS which is what promotes the sedation effect
Contraindications;
Benzodiazepines can induce daytime sleeping in few cases so to reduce that
possibility, Zolpidem is prescribed (non-benzo). Zolpidem is known to cause sleep
walking - CORRECT ANSWER CNS Depressant
DRUG Types/ MOA
-mainly used for moderate sedation
-helps for amnesia /sedation
-helps to reduce anxiety
Route: IV - CORRECT ANSWER Midazolam (Versed) Indications
-intermediate acting Benzo (induces sleep within 30 mins)
, -take 1 hr. before bed because it has a long onset of action - CORRECT ANSWER
Temazepam (Restoril)
-long term use
-provides a full 8 hrs. of sleep - CORRECT ANSWER Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
NON-BENZODIAZAPINE/MISC Hypnotic
-structurally similar to melatonin (Which regulates circadian rhythm)
-agonist at melatonin receptors in the CNS
-used as a hypnotic
-used for pts who have trouble sleeping
Contraindications:
-people with severe liver dysfunction
Drug Interactions:
-fluconazole
-ketoconazole
-rifampin - CORRECT ANSWER Ramelteon (Rozerem)
NON-BENZO/ MISC Hypnotic
-short-acting non Benzo hypnotic
Adverse Effects:
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
-process of adding a liquid dilute (SOLVENT) to a powdered med (SOLUTE) to make
a solution (w med now in liquid form)
-necessary by certain meds doesn't stay stable long enough to be distributed in a
solution type of form so its sent in as a powder to be reconstituted with a liquid
before drug administration
-read directions on insert / label: will tell you the type and am not of solvent to
add (ex. Water, sterile water, saline)
-use syringe and needle to draw solvent-> powdered med
-roll vial between hands to mix (making sure the med dissolves completely in the
solution)
-single dose (discard after admin) multi dose (stored and used later, document) -
CORRECT ANSWER Principles of Drug Reconstitution
- more sensitive than adults and may need to calculate (wt., hit, physical
condition, immature systems, and metabolism)
-make sure abiding by the 6 rights of drug admin
-pediatric doses are often less than 1 mL and require a tuberculin syringe for
accurate dosing
-pediatric meds are calculated using infant or child's Kg weight - CORRECT
ANSWER Pediatric Dosing
2.2 lb. = 1 kg
,X Kg= 1 kg/2.2 lb. x 24 lb./ 1 - CORRECT ANSWER CONVERTING LBS-> KG
1000 g = 1 KG
X kg = 1 kg/1000g x 2300 g / 1 - CORRECT ANSWER Converting grams to kilograms
Example (DA version)
1. Convert wt. in lb.->kg
2. Note the recommended dose range
3. Calculate the minimum dose first:
Mg./dose=10mg/kg/dose X 1 kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1
4. Calculate maximum dose:
X mg/dose= 15mg/kg/dose X 1kg/2.2lb x 22lb/1
5. Child may receive #-# mg of med as a single dose - CORRECT ANSWER
Calculating safe dose range pediatric with given wt.
came from the word "obstetric" means "midwife".
-commonly used IV meds to prevent seizures in pregnant woman (Mg Sulfate CNS
depressant) - CORRECT ANSWER Obstetric Nursing
-promote relaxation
-relieve anxiety
-help or induce sleep
-moderate sedation (before and during invasive procedures like colonoscopies -
CORRECT ANSWER CNS Depressants
,Function
-Benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide)
Long acting: clonazepam (Kolodin), Diazepam (Valium), Flurazepam (Dalmane)
MOA:
-enhances the GABA effect of the CNS which is what promotes the sedation effect
Contraindications;
Benzodiazepines can induce daytime sleeping in few cases so to reduce that
possibility, Zolpidem is prescribed (non-benzo). Zolpidem is known to cause sleep
walking - CORRECT ANSWER CNS Depressant
DRUG Types/ MOA
-mainly used for moderate sedation
-helps for amnesia /sedation
-helps to reduce anxiety
Route: IV - CORRECT ANSWER Midazolam (Versed) Indications
-intermediate acting Benzo (induces sleep within 30 mins)
, -take 1 hr. before bed because it has a long onset of action - CORRECT ANSWER
Temazepam (Restoril)
-long term use
-provides a full 8 hrs. of sleep - CORRECT ANSWER Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
NON-BENZODIAZAPINE/MISC Hypnotic
-structurally similar to melatonin (Which regulates circadian rhythm)
-agonist at melatonin receptors in the CNS
-used as a hypnotic
-used for pts who have trouble sleeping
Contraindications:
-people with severe liver dysfunction
Drug Interactions:
-fluconazole
-ketoconazole
-rifampin - CORRECT ANSWER Ramelteon (Rozerem)
NON-BENZO/ MISC Hypnotic
-short-acting non Benzo hypnotic
Adverse Effects:
