BKAT CRITICAL CARE STUDY 2026 EXAMS GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which ventricular stimulus is dangerous - ✔✔R on T phenomenon
✔✔Indications for a pacemaker? - ✔✔symptomatic bradycardia
higher AV blocks (2nd degree type 2 or Complete)
✔✔what is not a treatment for higher degree AV blocks - ✔✔atropine
because of the impaired conduction through the AV node
✔✔A-flutter happens because? - ✔✔an irritable spot of the atrium fires rapidly
✔✔A-flutter can cause _______ - ✔✔an increase in ventricular rate
✔✔A-flutter is treated by: - ✔✔antiarrhythmics (cardizem, beta blockers)
cardioversion
✔✔What do you do if you notice a lethal rhythm on the monitor (VT/VF)? - ✔✔check the
patient first
-establish unresponsiveness
call for help
-begin CPR if needed
, ✔✔When defibrillating VT/VF use _____ joules for biphasic defibrillator or _____ joules
for monophasic. - ✔✔200
360
✔✔Normal PR interval is - ✔✔0.12-0.20 seconds
✔✔Patient presents with anginal pectoris. what is initial management? - ✔✔allow rest,
amdinister oxygen, nitroglycerin, etc.
✔✔Causes of elevated cardiac enzymes - ✔✔MI, pericarditis, closed chest trauma,
cardiac surgery
✔✔Goal of treatment for cardiogenic shock (any shock) - ✔✔increase the patient's
cardiac output
✔✔A patient exhibits depression after their recent MI, you should - ✔✔encourage the
patient to verbalize their concerns and allow interaction with family
✔✔How does a cardiac tamponade occur - ✔✔blood or fluid accumulates in the
pericardial space
✔✔what does a cardiac tamponade do to the heart - ✔✔prevents the heart to pump
effectively (impaired ventricular filling and contraction)
✔✔S/S of cardiac tamponade - ✔✔pulsus paradoxus, decreased BP, JVD, tachycardia,
muffled heart sounds
✔✔PAP values - ✔✔Systolic: 15-25
Diastolic: 8-18
✔✔PAOP (wedge) - ✔✔6-12
✔✔PA Catheter waveforms - ✔✔
✔✔PAOP (wedge) reflects pressures in the - ✔✔left ventricle
✔✔An elevated PAOP may indicate - ✔✔left ventricular failure
✔✔If you notice a continual PAOP wave form is present you should - ✔✔ensure the
balloon is deflated, reposition the patient and try have the patient cough
✔✔You should not do what to PA catheter if a continual wedge pressure is present -
✔✔Flush the line
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Which ventricular stimulus is dangerous - ✔✔R on T phenomenon
✔✔Indications for a pacemaker? - ✔✔symptomatic bradycardia
higher AV blocks (2nd degree type 2 or Complete)
✔✔what is not a treatment for higher degree AV blocks - ✔✔atropine
because of the impaired conduction through the AV node
✔✔A-flutter happens because? - ✔✔an irritable spot of the atrium fires rapidly
✔✔A-flutter can cause _______ - ✔✔an increase in ventricular rate
✔✔A-flutter is treated by: - ✔✔antiarrhythmics (cardizem, beta blockers)
cardioversion
✔✔What do you do if you notice a lethal rhythm on the monitor (VT/VF)? - ✔✔check the
patient first
-establish unresponsiveness
call for help
-begin CPR if needed
, ✔✔When defibrillating VT/VF use _____ joules for biphasic defibrillator or _____ joules
for monophasic. - ✔✔200
360
✔✔Normal PR interval is - ✔✔0.12-0.20 seconds
✔✔Patient presents with anginal pectoris. what is initial management? - ✔✔allow rest,
amdinister oxygen, nitroglycerin, etc.
✔✔Causes of elevated cardiac enzymes - ✔✔MI, pericarditis, closed chest trauma,
cardiac surgery
✔✔Goal of treatment for cardiogenic shock (any shock) - ✔✔increase the patient's
cardiac output
✔✔A patient exhibits depression after their recent MI, you should - ✔✔encourage the
patient to verbalize their concerns and allow interaction with family
✔✔How does a cardiac tamponade occur - ✔✔blood or fluid accumulates in the
pericardial space
✔✔what does a cardiac tamponade do to the heart - ✔✔prevents the heart to pump
effectively (impaired ventricular filling and contraction)
✔✔S/S of cardiac tamponade - ✔✔pulsus paradoxus, decreased BP, JVD, tachycardia,
muffled heart sounds
✔✔PAP values - ✔✔Systolic: 15-25
Diastolic: 8-18
✔✔PAOP (wedge) - ✔✔6-12
✔✔PA Catheter waveforms - ✔✔
✔✔PAOP (wedge) reflects pressures in the - ✔✔left ventricle
✔✔An elevated PAOP may indicate - ✔✔left ventricular failure
✔✔If you notice a continual PAOP wave form is present you should - ✔✔ensure the
balloon is deflated, reposition the patient and try have the patient cough
✔✔You should not do what to PA catheter if a continual wedge pressure is present -
✔✔Flush the line
