NSG 3280 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Units 1
& 2 Newest With Questions And Answers
2026/2027|Graded A+
What is the relationship between hyperglycemia and polyuria? - ANSWER>Excess glucose spills into the kidneys,
leading to increased urine output and subsequent fluid loss, causing polydipsia.
What is the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Decreased insulin receptor numbers lead to insulin
resistance, requiring more insulin for glucose utilization, which eventually results in hyperglycemia.
What is the recommended diabetes screening for Type 1 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Not recommended.
What is the diabetes screening recommendation for Type 2 Diabetes? - ANSWER>All adults with a BMI over 25 and
at least one other risk factor should be screened.
What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes? - ANSWER>Severe obesity, history of gestational diabetes,
previous babies over 9 lbs., glycosuria, and family history of Type 2 Diabetes.
,What happens to the metabolic rate during starvation? - ANSWER>The metabolic rate decreases, stored
carbohydrates are used, and gluconeogenesis occurs as the body utilizes proteins for energy.
What is the body's response to physiologic stress? - ANSWER>The body uses protein stored in muscle for energy via
gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
What is the normal glucose metabolism process during the fed state? - ANSWER>Carbohydrates are broken down
to glucose, absorbed into the blood, and insulin is secreted to facilitate glucose entry into cells.
What occurs during the fasting state of glucose metabolism? - ANSWER>Blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is
secreted to stimulate glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis occurs if glycogen stores are depleted.
What are GLUT transporters? - ANSWER>Proteins that facilitate glucose transport across cell membranes; some are
insulin-independent (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3) and others are insulin-dependent (GLUT4).
What do pancreatic beta cells produce? - ANSWER>Insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels and promotes
protein synthesis.
, What do pancreatic alpha cells produce? - ANSWER>Glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.
What are the classic symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss,
fatigue, blurry vision, and risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What is the primary mechanism of Type 2 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Insulin resistance with possible decreased insulin
secretion.
What are the complications from uncontrolled hyperglycemia? - ANSWER>Acute complications include diabetic
ketoacidosis; chronic complications include atherosclerosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, and poor
wound healing.
What is the recommended screening for diabetes in adults? - ANSWER>Adults aged 45 and older should be
screened every 3 years; earlier screening is recommended for those with risk factors.
Fasting plasma glucose threshold for diabetes - ANSWER>≥126 mg/dL
Random plasma glucose threshold for diabetes - ANSWER>≥200 mg/dL with symptoms
& 2 Newest With Questions And Answers
2026/2027|Graded A+
What is the relationship between hyperglycemia and polyuria? - ANSWER>Excess glucose spills into the kidneys,
leading to increased urine output and subsequent fluid loss, causing polydipsia.
What is the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Decreased insulin receptor numbers lead to insulin
resistance, requiring more insulin for glucose utilization, which eventually results in hyperglycemia.
What is the recommended diabetes screening for Type 1 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Not recommended.
What is the diabetes screening recommendation for Type 2 Diabetes? - ANSWER>All adults with a BMI over 25 and
at least one other risk factor should be screened.
What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes? - ANSWER>Severe obesity, history of gestational diabetes,
previous babies over 9 lbs., glycosuria, and family history of Type 2 Diabetes.
,What happens to the metabolic rate during starvation? - ANSWER>The metabolic rate decreases, stored
carbohydrates are used, and gluconeogenesis occurs as the body utilizes proteins for energy.
What is the body's response to physiologic stress? - ANSWER>The body uses protein stored in muscle for energy via
gluconeogenesis, leading to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
What is the normal glucose metabolism process during the fed state? - ANSWER>Carbohydrates are broken down
to glucose, absorbed into the blood, and insulin is secreted to facilitate glucose entry into cells.
What occurs during the fasting state of glucose metabolism? - ANSWER>Blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is
secreted to stimulate glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis occurs if glycogen stores are depleted.
What are GLUT transporters? - ANSWER>Proteins that facilitate glucose transport across cell membranes; some are
insulin-independent (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3) and others are insulin-dependent (GLUT4).
What do pancreatic beta cells produce? - ANSWER>Insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels and promotes
protein synthesis.
, What do pancreatic alpha cells produce? - ANSWER>Glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels.
What are the classic symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss,
fatigue, blurry vision, and risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What is the primary mechanism of Type 2 Diabetes? - ANSWER>Insulin resistance with possible decreased insulin
secretion.
What are the complications from uncontrolled hyperglycemia? - ANSWER>Acute complications include diabetic
ketoacidosis; chronic complications include atherosclerosis, retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, and poor
wound healing.
What is the recommended screening for diabetes in adults? - ANSWER>Adults aged 45 and older should be
screened every 3 years; earlier screening is recommended for those with risk factors.
Fasting plasma glucose threshold for diabetes - ANSWER>≥126 mg/dL
Random plasma glucose threshold for diabetes - ANSWER>≥200 mg/dL with symptoms
