IS 311 Exam 1 Question and answers
verified to pass 2026
Information System - correct answer ✔a work system in which humans and/or machines perform
work (processes and activities) using information, technology, and other resources to produce
information products and/or services for internal or external customers.
-Include capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulationg, displaying info
information technology - correct answer ✔Any computer-based tool that people use to work with
information & support the information-processing needs of an organization.
Socio-Technical - correct answer ✔People
-end-users, functional area managers, senior manager, external stakeholders
Org. Structure
-organizational design, reporting structure, incentive system
Business Processes
-Stepwise activities that deliver value proposition
IT
-Hardware
-Software
-Network
Synergy - correct answer ✔-System level synergy is a consequence of alignment among these
components
-Synergy helps organizations realize the full value
Data - correct answer ✔The most granular element of an information hierarchy.
,-Can be:
-Measures
-observations
-sensor readings
-Values
-Patterns
Information - correct answer ✔Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
-Ex.) 2123334421 -->(212)333-4421 Changing a meaningless # into a phone #
Knowledge - correct answer ✔informed understanding
-Can take different forms:
-Explicit (documented) or tacit (residing in minds)
-Know-how, craft, skill
-How to follow procedure
-Knowing why things happen (causality)
-Can be social (institutional knowledge) or individual (expertise)
Wisdom - correct answer ✔-Collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to solve
problems
-Involves where, when, why, and how to apply knowledge
-Ability to apply knowledge to do things effectively and efficiently and in ways others cannot is prime
source of SCA
HIPPO Strategy (Decision Making) - correct answer ✔-Highest-paid person in organization
-Tacit and explicit knowledge and experience basis for judgement
, IPO Model - correct answer ✔inputs (Data), processes, outputs (information product)
Siloed Systems - correct answer ✔an information management system that is unable to freely
communicate with other information management systems. Communication within an information silo
is always vertical, making it difficult or impossible for the system to work with unrelated systems
-ADV: More specific info
-DIS: Side department will have difficulty using them
-might get expensive
Ex.) Everyone do their own Microsoft word then send it to the leader
-Lecture 1 Slide 11
Single Version of the Truth - correct answer ✔a technical concept describing the data warehousing
ideal of having either a single centralised database, or at least a distributed synchronised database,
which stores all of an organisation's data in a consistent and non-redundant form
-Ex.) Everyone doing their work in one Google Doc
Enterprise Software - correct answer ✔built around thousands of predefined business processes that
reflect best practices
-Lecture 1 Slide 13
Disruptive Technology Characteristics - correct answer ✔-Improves a product or service in ways that
the market does not expect, typically lowering price or designing for a different set of customers
1. Solves or redefines a problem
-Current process may be difficult, cumbersome, expensive, inefficient.
2. Changes competitive landscape
-Disruptive technology often surprises everyone (customers,
competitors, shareholders, the inventor).
verified to pass 2026
Information System - correct answer ✔a work system in which humans and/or machines perform
work (processes and activities) using information, technology, and other resources to produce
information products and/or services for internal or external customers.
-Include capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulationg, displaying info
information technology - correct answer ✔Any computer-based tool that people use to work with
information & support the information-processing needs of an organization.
Socio-Technical - correct answer ✔People
-end-users, functional area managers, senior manager, external stakeholders
Org. Structure
-organizational design, reporting structure, incentive system
Business Processes
-Stepwise activities that deliver value proposition
IT
-Hardware
-Software
-Network
Synergy - correct answer ✔-System level synergy is a consequence of alignment among these
components
-Synergy helps organizations realize the full value
Data - correct answer ✔The most granular element of an information hierarchy.
,-Can be:
-Measures
-observations
-sensor readings
-Values
-Patterns
Information - correct answer ✔Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
-Ex.) 2123334421 -->(212)333-4421 Changing a meaningless # into a phone #
Knowledge - correct answer ✔informed understanding
-Can take different forms:
-Explicit (documented) or tacit (residing in minds)
-Know-how, craft, skill
-How to follow procedure
-Knowing why things happen (causality)
-Can be social (institutional knowledge) or individual (expertise)
Wisdom - correct answer ✔-Collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to solve
problems
-Involves where, when, why, and how to apply knowledge
-Ability to apply knowledge to do things effectively and efficiently and in ways others cannot is prime
source of SCA
HIPPO Strategy (Decision Making) - correct answer ✔-Highest-paid person in organization
-Tacit and explicit knowledge and experience basis for judgement
, IPO Model - correct answer ✔inputs (Data), processes, outputs (information product)
Siloed Systems - correct answer ✔an information management system that is unable to freely
communicate with other information management systems. Communication within an information silo
is always vertical, making it difficult or impossible for the system to work with unrelated systems
-ADV: More specific info
-DIS: Side department will have difficulty using them
-might get expensive
Ex.) Everyone do their own Microsoft word then send it to the leader
-Lecture 1 Slide 11
Single Version of the Truth - correct answer ✔a technical concept describing the data warehousing
ideal of having either a single centralised database, or at least a distributed synchronised database,
which stores all of an organisation's data in a consistent and non-redundant form
-Ex.) Everyone doing their work in one Google Doc
Enterprise Software - correct answer ✔built around thousands of predefined business processes that
reflect best practices
-Lecture 1 Slide 13
Disruptive Technology Characteristics - correct answer ✔-Improves a product or service in ways that
the market does not expect, typically lowering price or designing for a different set of customers
1. Solves or redefines a problem
-Current process may be difficult, cumbersome, expensive, inefficient.
2. Changes competitive landscape
-Disruptive technology often surprises everyone (customers,
competitors, shareholders, the inventor).
