BIOL 252 EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION
ASSESSMENT ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS 100 PERCENT
VERIFIED LATEST
⩥ Step #5 of the Cardiac Cycle.
Answer: end of T/straight line of the ECG
• early diastole
-- AV vlaves = closed
-- semilunar valves = closed (ventricular pressure drops;
backflow from aorta closes valves)
• most blood ejected to the aorta
-- some left at the ventricles
-- the atria still in diastole is filled with blood from the veins
⩥ Step #6 of the Cardiac Cycle.
Answer: • mid diastole
-- AV valves = open (pressure in atria, now filled with blood,
exceeds pressure in ventricles)
-- semilunar valves = closed
,• ventricular filling
⩥ Blood moves from.
Answer: an area of high pressure to one of lower pressure
• typically we create the pressure with systole
⩥ Pressure is a result of.
Answer: systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of the
cardiac muscle
⩥ during diastole....
Answer: (relaxation) the chamber fills with blood and prepares
for the next cardiac cycle
⩥ heart systole and diastole refer to.
Answer: ventricular systole and diastole as they produce far
great pressures which force blood to circulate
• total cardiac cycle = 0.8 seconds
⩥ End diastolic volume (EDV).
,Answer: amount of blood in a fully relaxed (diastolic) ventricle
(~120 mL)
⩥ End systolic volume (ESV).
Answer: amount of blood LEFT in the ventricle after
contraction/systole when they go back to diastole/relaxation
(~50 mL)
⩥ Stroke volume (SV).
Answer: amount of blood pumped out the by ventricles during
each heart beat; amount of blood ejected in each heart beat
• stroke volume = EDV-ESV = 120-50 = 70 mL
• increase SV by increasing EDV and/or decreasing ESV (via
stronger contraction)
⩥ Cardiac output (CO).
Answer: how well our hear muscle functions; amount of blood
ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta in one minute
• CO = stroke volume x heart rate
• entire blood supply passes through the heart once every minute
• CO varies with demands of the body
, ⩥ heart rate.
Answer: number of heart beats/minute
⩥ cardiac reserve.
Answer: difference between maximum cardiac output and
resting cardiac output
• a well-trained endurance athlete may have a cardiac reserve of
35 L/min or 600% of normal
⩥ so how can we change our cardiac output so dramatically?
(the heart as a paradigm for homeostasis).
Answer: we can increase SV by either increasing EDV (blood
entering the ventricle) or decreasing ESV (blood left in the
ventricle)
⩥ 3 ways to regulate SV.
Answer: - preload
- contractility
- afterload
⩥ preload.
ASSESSMENT ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS 100 PERCENT
VERIFIED LATEST
⩥ Step #5 of the Cardiac Cycle.
Answer: end of T/straight line of the ECG
• early diastole
-- AV vlaves = closed
-- semilunar valves = closed (ventricular pressure drops;
backflow from aorta closes valves)
• most blood ejected to the aorta
-- some left at the ventricles
-- the atria still in diastole is filled with blood from the veins
⩥ Step #6 of the Cardiac Cycle.
Answer: • mid diastole
-- AV valves = open (pressure in atria, now filled with blood,
exceeds pressure in ventricles)
-- semilunar valves = closed
,• ventricular filling
⩥ Blood moves from.
Answer: an area of high pressure to one of lower pressure
• typically we create the pressure with systole
⩥ Pressure is a result of.
Answer: systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of the
cardiac muscle
⩥ during diastole....
Answer: (relaxation) the chamber fills with blood and prepares
for the next cardiac cycle
⩥ heart systole and diastole refer to.
Answer: ventricular systole and diastole as they produce far
great pressures which force blood to circulate
• total cardiac cycle = 0.8 seconds
⩥ End diastolic volume (EDV).
,Answer: amount of blood in a fully relaxed (diastolic) ventricle
(~120 mL)
⩥ End systolic volume (ESV).
Answer: amount of blood LEFT in the ventricle after
contraction/systole when they go back to diastole/relaxation
(~50 mL)
⩥ Stroke volume (SV).
Answer: amount of blood pumped out the by ventricles during
each heart beat; amount of blood ejected in each heart beat
• stroke volume = EDV-ESV = 120-50 = 70 mL
• increase SV by increasing EDV and/or decreasing ESV (via
stronger contraction)
⩥ Cardiac output (CO).
Answer: how well our hear muscle functions; amount of blood
ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta in one minute
• CO = stroke volume x heart rate
• entire blood supply passes through the heart once every minute
• CO varies with demands of the body
, ⩥ heart rate.
Answer: number of heart beats/minute
⩥ cardiac reserve.
Answer: difference between maximum cardiac output and
resting cardiac output
• a well-trained endurance athlete may have a cardiac reserve of
35 L/min or 600% of normal
⩥ so how can we change our cardiac output so dramatically?
(the heart as a paradigm for homeostasis).
Answer: we can increase SV by either increasing EDV (blood
entering the ventricle) or decreasing ESV (blood left in the
ventricle)
⩥ 3 ways to regulate SV.
Answer: - preload
- contractility
- afterload
⩥ preload.
