BIOL 252 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE REVIEW
SHEET SOLVED PROBLEMS FULL
SOLUTION ALREADY PASSED
GUARANTEED TO PASS
⩥ heart.
Answer: pumps or pushes blood through the body
⩥ 3 layers in the heart wall.
Answer: • epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium
⩥ epicardium.
Answer: (aka visceral pericardium) a serous membrane of the
external heart surface consisting mainly a simple squamous
epithelium overlying a thin layer of areolar tissue
- may also include thick layer of adipose in some places
- largest branches of the coronary blood vessels travel through
this layer
,⩥ myocardium.
Answer: middle layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle
- thickest layer of the heart wall
- performs the work of the heart
- muscle organized into bundles that spiral around the heart →
myocardial vortex
⩥ what kind of motion do the muscles of the heart exhibit when
the ventricles contract and why?.
Answer: a twisting or wringing motion due to the myocardial
vortex (spiraling bundles of muscle) that enhances the ejection
of blood
⩥ endocardium.
Answer: membrane lining the interior chambers of the heart
made of a simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin areolar
tissue layer
- does NOT include any adipose tissue
- covers the valve surfaces
- continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels
⩥ fibrous skeleton of the heart.
,Answer: a framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
especially concentrated in
• the walls between the heart chambers
• fibrous rings around the valves
• in sheets of tissue that interconnect these rings
⩥ multiple functions of fibrous skeleton of the heart.
Answer: provide structural support for the heart especially
around the valves and the openings of the great vessels
anchors the cardiomyocytes and gives them something to pull
against
serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the
ventricles so the atria cannot stimulate the ventricles directly
• important in timing and coordination of electrical/contractile
activity
elastic recoil of the fibrous skeleton may aid in refilling the heart
with blood after each beat
, ⩥ two superior chambers of the heart.
Answer: receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart by
way of the great veins
- right atria
- left atria
⩥ auricle.
Answer: an earlike flap on each atrium that slightly increases its
volume
⩥ blood vessels.
Answer: routes blood travels
⩥ walls of arteries and veins are composed of 3 layers.
Answer: tunics
• tunic interna/intima
• tunica media
• tunica externa
⩥ tunic interna/intima.
SHEET SOLVED PROBLEMS FULL
SOLUTION ALREADY PASSED
GUARANTEED TO PASS
⩥ heart.
Answer: pumps or pushes blood through the body
⩥ 3 layers in the heart wall.
Answer: • epicardium
• myocardium
• endocardium
⩥ epicardium.
Answer: (aka visceral pericardium) a serous membrane of the
external heart surface consisting mainly a simple squamous
epithelium overlying a thin layer of areolar tissue
- may also include thick layer of adipose in some places
- largest branches of the coronary blood vessels travel through
this layer
,⩥ myocardium.
Answer: middle layer of the heart composed of cardiac muscle
- thickest layer of the heart wall
- performs the work of the heart
- muscle organized into bundles that spiral around the heart →
myocardial vortex
⩥ what kind of motion do the muscles of the heart exhibit when
the ventricles contract and why?.
Answer: a twisting or wringing motion due to the myocardial
vortex (spiraling bundles of muscle) that enhances the ejection
of blood
⩥ endocardium.
Answer: membrane lining the interior chambers of the heart
made of a simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin areolar
tissue layer
- does NOT include any adipose tissue
- covers the valve surfaces
- continuous with the endothelium of the blood vessels
⩥ fibrous skeleton of the heart.
,Answer: a framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
especially concentrated in
• the walls between the heart chambers
• fibrous rings around the valves
• in sheets of tissue that interconnect these rings
⩥ multiple functions of fibrous skeleton of the heart.
Answer: provide structural support for the heart especially
around the valves and the openings of the great vessels
anchors the cardiomyocytes and gives them something to pull
against
serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the
ventricles so the atria cannot stimulate the ventricles directly
• important in timing and coordination of electrical/contractile
activity
elastic recoil of the fibrous skeleton may aid in refilling the heart
with blood after each beat
, ⩥ two superior chambers of the heart.
Answer: receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart by
way of the great veins
- right atria
- left atria
⩥ auricle.
Answer: an earlike flap on each atrium that slightly increases its
volume
⩥ blood vessels.
Answer: routes blood travels
⩥ walls of arteries and veins are composed of 3 layers.
Answer: tunics
• tunic interna/intima
• tunica media
• tunica externa
⩥ tunic interna/intima.
