EDF 6223 TEACHING METHODOLOGIES
2026 FINAL PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Opposition Relations
Answer: Stimuli are opposites.
◉ Comparison Relations
Answer: Stimuli differ in some definable dimension.
◉ Multiple exemplar training
Answer: Instruction that provides the learner with practice with a
variety of stimulus conditions, response variations, and response
topographies to ensure the acquisition of desired stimulus controls
response forms; used to promote both setting/situation
generalization and response generalization.
◉ Arbitrarily Acceptable Relational Responding (AARR)
Answer: Abstract response patterns, that has the properties of
mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment and transformation of
stimulus functions, and that are controlled by contextual cues.
,◉ Shaping
Answer: An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcement
is provided for successive approximations closer to the terminal
behavior. The instructor:
(a) detects a change in the learner's environment
(b) makes a discriminated judgement about whether that change is a
progressively closer approximation to a terminal behavior of
interest
(c) differentially reinforces that closer successive approximation
◉ Differential Reinforcement
Answer: A procedure in which reinforcement is provided for
responses that share a predetermined dimension or quality, and in
which reinforcement is withheld for responses that do not
demonstrate that quality.
◉ Terminal Behavior
Answer: The end product of shaping. Can be claimed when the
topography, frequency, latency, duration or amplitude/magnitude of
the target behavior reaches a predetermined criterion level.
◉ Effects of differential reinforcement
Answer: Responses similar to those that have been reinforced occur
with greater frequency and responses resembling the unreinforced
members are emitted less frequently (also known as extinction) and
, some of the emitted responses under extinction may be likely to
resemble the next successive approximation to the terminal
behavior and would therefore be targeted for reinforcement.
◉ Clicker Training
Answer: A term popularized by Pryor (1999) for shaping behavior
using conditioned reinforcement in the form of an auditory stimulus.
A handheld device produces a click sound when pressed. The trainer
pairs other forms of reinforcement (e.g., edible treats) with the click
sound so that the sound becomes a conditioned reinforcer.
◉ Behavior Chain
Answer: A sequence of responses in which each response produces a
stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that
response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in
the chain; reinforcement for the last response in a chain maintains
the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all
previous responses in the chain.
◉ Discriminative Stimulus
Answer: In operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response
after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli
not associated with reinforcement).
◉ Behavior chain with a limited hold
2026 FINAL PAPER COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Opposition Relations
Answer: Stimuli are opposites.
◉ Comparison Relations
Answer: Stimuli differ in some definable dimension.
◉ Multiple exemplar training
Answer: Instruction that provides the learner with practice with a
variety of stimulus conditions, response variations, and response
topographies to ensure the acquisition of desired stimulus controls
response forms; used to promote both setting/situation
generalization and response generalization.
◉ Arbitrarily Acceptable Relational Responding (AARR)
Answer: Abstract response patterns, that has the properties of
mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment and transformation of
stimulus functions, and that are controlled by contextual cues.
,◉ Shaping
Answer: An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcement
is provided for successive approximations closer to the terminal
behavior. The instructor:
(a) detects a change in the learner's environment
(b) makes a discriminated judgement about whether that change is a
progressively closer approximation to a terminal behavior of
interest
(c) differentially reinforces that closer successive approximation
◉ Differential Reinforcement
Answer: A procedure in which reinforcement is provided for
responses that share a predetermined dimension or quality, and in
which reinforcement is withheld for responses that do not
demonstrate that quality.
◉ Terminal Behavior
Answer: The end product of shaping. Can be claimed when the
topography, frequency, latency, duration or amplitude/magnitude of
the target behavior reaches a predetermined criterion level.
◉ Effects of differential reinforcement
Answer: Responses similar to those that have been reinforced occur
with greater frequency and responses resembling the unreinforced
members are emitted less frequently (also known as extinction) and
, some of the emitted responses under extinction may be likely to
resemble the next successive approximation to the terminal
behavior and would therefore be targeted for reinforcement.
◉ Clicker Training
Answer: A term popularized by Pryor (1999) for shaping behavior
using conditioned reinforcement in the form of an auditory stimulus.
A handheld device produces a click sound when pressed. The trainer
pairs other forms of reinforcement (e.g., edible treats) with the click
sound so that the sound becomes a conditioned reinforcer.
◉ Behavior Chain
Answer: A sequence of responses in which each response produces a
stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that
response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in
the chain; reinforcement for the last response in a chain maintains
the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all
previous responses in the chain.
◉ Discriminative Stimulus
Answer: In operant conditioning, a stimulus that elicits a response
after association with reinforcement (in contrast to related stimuli
not associated with reinforcement).
◉ Behavior chain with a limited hold
