EDF 6225 TEST 2 TERMINAL
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
ALREADY PASSED
⩥ removed ; increases.
Answer: Negative reinforcement can be defined as:
A stimulus _______, contingent upon a response, which
_______ the future probability of that response.
⩥ Which of the following is an example of a negative
reinforcement contingency?.
Answer: Jo is sitting near a window at Starbucks having a cup of
coffee. The sun is streaming in the window, and it is too warm
for Jo-she is beginning to perspire. Jo moves to another chair
away from the window, where it is shady. The next time Jo goes
to Starbucks, she sees the sun shining in the window again and
sits in the chair in the shade instead.
⩥ The key difference between an escape contingency and an
avoidance contingency is:.
,Answer: In an escape contingency the EO is present prior to the
occurrence of the target behavior, while in an avoidance
contingency, the EO is not present prior to the occurrence of the
target behavior.
⩥ - stimulus change following the occurrence of the target
behavior was immediate.
- difference in stimulation prior to and after the response
occurred was large.
- occurrence of the target response consistently produced escape.
- Reinforcement was unavailable for competing responses
all of the others.
Answer: The textbook describes a study by Ahearn and
colleagues (1996), in which negative reinforcement was used to
increase food acceptance in children. In this example, during
baseline, bite acceptances produced access to toys and bite
refusals produced removal of the spoon (negative
reinforcement). During the intervention, bite refusals no longer
produced removal of the spoon. Instead, the spoon was only
removed if a bite was accepted. As soon as a bite was accepted
and every time a bite was accepted, the spoon was briefly
removed. Which factors are important to consider for effectively
,changing behavior with negative reinforcement are illustrated in
this example?
⩥ punishment.
Answer: The potential negative side effects (e.g., crying,
running away) of negative reinforcement are similar to the side
effects associated with:
⩥ positive punishment can be defined as:.
Answer: Delivery of a stimulus after a behavior that decreases
the occurrence of the behavior.
⩥ restitutional overcorrection.
Answer: Mrs. Mody decided that because Johnny dumped the
contents of his glue container on the floor that he would not only
have to clean up his work space, but clean the entire classroom
floor. The punishment procedure that Mrs. Mody is using is
called:
⩥ false.
Answer: A conditioned reinforcer is a punishing stimulus that
has acquired its properties as a function of species history.
, ⩥ true.
Answer: According to Sidman (1993), ineffective teaching
produces and exacerbates problem behavior.
⩥ true.
Answer: Punishment is defined neither by the actions of the
person delivering the consequences nor by the nature of those
consequences (e.g., time-out).
⩥ positive punishment.
Answer: ____________ has occurred when the frequency of
responding has been decreased by the presentation of a stimulus.
⩥ unconditioned punisher.
Answer: A(n) ____________ is a punishing stimulus that has
acquired its properties as a function of species history.
⩥ teacher.
Answer: Which of the following could function as conditioned
punisher (the other three are typically unconditioned punishers)?
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
ALREADY PASSED
⩥ removed ; increases.
Answer: Negative reinforcement can be defined as:
A stimulus _______, contingent upon a response, which
_______ the future probability of that response.
⩥ Which of the following is an example of a negative
reinforcement contingency?.
Answer: Jo is sitting near a window at Starbucks having a cup of
coffee. The sun is streaming in the window, and it is too warm
for Jo-she is beginning to perspire. Jo moves to another chair
away from the window, where it is shady. The next time Jo goes
to Starbucks, she sees the sun shining in the window again and
sits in the chair in the shade instead.
⩥ The key difference between an escape contingency and an
avoidance contingency is:.
,Answer: In an escape contingency the EO is present prior to the
occurrence of the target behavior, while in an avoidance
contingency, the EO is not present prior to the occurrence of the
target behavior.
⩥ - stimulus change following the occurrence of the target
behavior was immediate.
- difference in stimulation prior to and after the response
occurred was large.
- occurrence of the target response consistently produced escape.
- Reinforcement was unavailable for competing responses
all of the others.
Answer: The textbook describes a study by Ahearn and
colleagues (1996), in which negative reinforcement was used to
increase food acceptance in children. In this example, during
baseline, bite acceptances produced access to toys and bite
refusals produced removal of the spoon (negative
reinforcement). During the intervention, bite refusals no longer
produced removal of the spoon. Instead, the spoon was only
removed if a bite was accepted. As soon as a bite was accepted
and every time a bite was accepted, the spoon was briefly
removed. Which factors are important to consider for effectively
,changing behavior with negative reinforcement are illustrated in
this example?
⩥ punishment.
Answer: The potential negative side effects (e.g., crying,
running away) of negative reinforcement are similar to the side
effects associated with:
⩥ positive punishment can be defined as:.
Answer: Delivery of a stimulus after a behavior that decreases
the occurrence of the behavior.
⩥ restitutional overcorrection.
Answer: Mrs. Mody decided that because Johnny dumped the
contents of his glue container on the floor that he would not only
have to clean up his work space, but clean the entire classroom
floor. The punishment procedure that Mrs. Mody is using is
called:
⩥ false.
Answer: A conditioned reinforcer is a punishing stimulus that
has acquired its properties as a function of species history.
, ⩥ true.
Answer: According to Sidman (1993), ineffective teaching
produces and exacerbates problem behavior.
⩥ true.
Answer: Punishment is defined neither by the actions of the
person delivering the consequences nor by the nature of those
consequences (e.g., time-out).
⩥ positive punishment.
Answer: ____________ has occurred when the frequency of
responding has been decreased by the presentation of a stimulus.
⩥ unconditioned punisher.
Answer: A(n) ____________ is a punishing stimulus that has
acquired its properties as a function of species history.
⩥ teacher.
Answer: Which of the following could function as conditioned
punisher (the other three are typically unconditioned punishers)?
