PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 6 QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
List the 2 major divisions of the nervous system and the structures found
in each. Correct Answers central nervous system (CNS) containing the
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS) containing spinal nerves, cranial
nerves, and ganglia that are outside of the PNS.
Describe the meninges and their function. Correct Answers The
meninges are connective tissue sheaths that surround the brain and
spinal cord.
pia mater: is the innermost layer of the meninges. It is thin and delicate
and contains surface level blood vessels that perfuse the brain and spinal
cord.
arachnoid layer: second layer. It encases the entire CNS and is delicate,
nonvascular, and waterproof. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in an
area just below the arachnoid layer called the subarachnoid space.
dura mater: outermost layer. strong, continuous connective tissue sheath
that provides the brain and spinal cord with most of its protection.
Describe how CSF is produced and its function. Correct Answers CSF
serves as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord protecting them from
,outside physical force. It maintains a constant ionic environment that
allows for the diffusion of essential nutrients, electrolytes, and
metabolic waste products into the extracellular fluid surrounding the
CNS neurons.
A thin layer of neuroglial cells, ependyma, line the ventricles of the
brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Specialized ependymal
cells called the choroid plexus project into the ventricles and produce
CSF.
cranial nerves and functions Correct Answers olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal abducens
facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory hypoglossal
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? Correct
Answers Afferent neurons carry sensory information from the periphery
to the spinal cord and brain while efferent neurons carry motor output
from the brain and spinal cord to the periphery.
Divisions of the nervous system and their functions Correct Answers
CNS, PNS
, PNS: somatic nervous system and autonomic NS (also efferent and
efferent)
Autonomic: parasympathetic and sympathetic
somatic nervous system Correct Answers generally under voluntary
control, innervating the movement of skeletal muscles, skin, and joints
autonomic system function Correct Answers control glands and smooth
muscles of the internal organs- involuntary control
parasympathetic vs. sympathetic Correct Answers para: resting
situations, permitting digestion and conservation of energy
symp: vigorous muscular activity, stress, emergenicies
hindbrain Correct Answers cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
coordination of movement, posture, regulating respiration and blood circ
midbrain Correct Answers cerebral peduncles (bundles of nerve fibers)
eye movement, visual, audio
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED AND 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS
List the 2 major divisions of the nervous system and the structures found
in each. Correct Answers central nervous system (CNS) containing the
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS) containing spinal nerves, cranial
nerves, and ganglia that are outside of the PNS.
Describe the meninges and their function. Correct Answers The
meninges are connective tissue sheaths that surround the brain and
spinal cord.
pia mater: is the innermost layer of the meninges. It is thin and delicate
and contains surface level blood vessels that perfuse the brain and spinal
cord.
arachnoid layer: second layer. It encases the entire CNS and is delicate,
nonvascular, and waterproof. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates in an
area just below the arachnoid layer called the subarachnoid space.
dura mater: outermost layer. strong, continuous connective tissue sheath
that provides the brain and spinal cord with most of its protection.
Describe how CSF is produced and its function. Correct Answers CSF
serves as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord protecting them from
,outside physical force. It maintains a constant ionic environment that
allows for the diffusion of essential nutrients, electrolytes, and
metabolic waste products into the extracellular fluid surrounding the
CNS neurons.
A thin layer of neuroglial cells, ependyma, line the ventricles of the
brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Specialized ependymal
cells called the choroid plexus project into the ventricles and produce
CSF.
cranial nerves and functions Correct Answers olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal abducens
facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory hypoglossal
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons? Correct
Answers Afferent neurons carry sensory information from the periphery
to the spinal cord and brain while efferent neurons carry motor output
from the brain and spinal cord to the periphery.
Divisions of the nervous system and their functions Correct Answers
CNS, PNS
, PNS: somatic nervous system and autonomic NS (also efferent and
efferent)
Autonomic: parasympathetic and sympathetic
somatic nervous system Correct Answers generally under voluntary
control, innervating the movement of skeletal muscles, skin, and joints
autonomic system function Correct Answers control glands and smooth
muscles of the internal organs- involuntary control
parasympathetic vs. sympathetic Correct Answers para: resting
situations, permitting digestion and conservation of energy
symp: vigorous muscular activity, stress, emergenicies
hindbrain Correct Answers cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
coordination of movement, posture, regulating respiration and blood circ
midbrain Correct Answers cerebral peduncles (bundles of nerve fibers)
eye movement, visual, audio
