NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA
Ultimate Exam 1 | Questions and Answers |
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Practice questions for this set
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Prostate
Choose an answer
What can Reactive Oxygen Species
1 2 Hypertrophy examples
cause?
Which cancer produces prostate
3 4 Threshold potential
specific antigen?
Don't know?
Terms in this set (138)
,What can Reactive Oxygen Species Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons,
cause? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease,
HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA.
Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment
DNA, less protein synthesis, chromatin
destruction, damage mitochondria
What is the body's defense against Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine,
ROS? glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
How are free radicals produced? 1. Normal cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation,
UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and
pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and
a free radical
action potential Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the
neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --> then
repolarizes
Threshold potential Point at which depolarization must reach in order
to initiate an action potential
Hypokalemia and action potentials HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less
excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability:
weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia,
cardiac dysrhythmias
, Hyperkalemia and action potentials HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0).
More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold
potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill, paresthesia,
paralysis
Hypocalcemia and action potentials Increased permeability to Na+. More excitable.
Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia,
seizures, dysrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia and action potentials Decreased permeability to Na+. Less excitable.
Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy,
confusion, encephalopathy, depressed T waves
Atrophy Occurs as a result of decrease in work load,
pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal
stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell
has decreased in size, it has now compensated for
decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient
supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new
homeostasis. Cells are alive but have diminished
function and may lead to cellular death.
Atrophy examples Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland
during childhood.
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being
paralyzed
Hypertrophy Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase
in size of organ. Caused by hormonal stimulation or
increased functional demand.
Ultimate Exam 1 | Questions and Answers |
Verified Solutions | 2026 Edition | Pass
Guaranteed
Save
Practice questions for this set
Learn 1 /7 Study using Learn
Prostate
Choose an answer
What can Reactive Oxygen Species
1 2 Hypertrophy examples
cause?
Which cancer produces prostate
3 4 Threshold potential
specific antigen?
Don't know?
Terms in this set (138)
,What can Reactive Oxygen Species Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons,
cause? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease,
HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA.
Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment
DNA, less protein synthesis, chromatin
destruction, damage mitochondria
What is the body's defense against Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine,
ROS? glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
How are free radicals produced? 1. Normal cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation,
UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and
pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and
a free radical
action potential Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the
neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --> then
repolarizes
Threshold potential Point at which depolarization must reach in order
to initiate an action potential
Hypokalemia and action potentials HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less
excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability:
weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia,
cardiac dysrhythmias
, Hyperkalemia and action potentials HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0).
More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold
potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill, paresthesia,
paralysis
Hypocalcemia and action potentials Increased permeability to Na+. More excitable.
Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia,
seizures, dysrhythmias.
Hypercalcemia and action potentials Decreased permeability to Na+. Less excitable.
Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy,
confusion, encephalopathy, depressed T waves
Atrophy Occurs as a result of decrease in work load,
pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal
stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell
has decreased in size, it has now compensated for
decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient
supply, hormonal supply, and has achieved new
homeostasis. Cells are alive but have diminished
function and may lead to cellular death.
Atrophy examples Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland
during childhood.
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being
paralyzed
Hypertrophy Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase
in size of organ. Caused by hormonal stimulation or
increased functional demand.
