MED SURG NEURO QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
AND 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for a group of patients on a medical unit. After
receiving report, which patient should the nurse see first?
A. A 42-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who was admitted with
sepsis
B. A 72-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease who has aspiration
pneumonia
C. A 38-year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined
prescribed medications
D. A 45-year-old patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who refuses
enteral feedings Correct Answers C. A 38-year-old patient with
myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed medications
Patients with myasthenia gravis who discontinue pyridostigmine
(Mestinon) will develop a myasthenic crisis. Myasthenia crisis results in
severe muscle weakness and can lead to a respiratory arrest.
The nurse observes a 74-year-old man with Parkinson's disease rocking
side to side while sitting in the chair. Which action by the nurse is most
appropriate?
A. Provide the patient with diversional activities.
B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
C. Take the patient's blood pressure sitting and standing.
,D. Ask if the patient is feeling either anxious or depressed. Correct
Answers B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
Patients with Parkinson's disease are instructed to rock from side to side
to stimulate balance mechanisms and decrease akinesia.
The nurse provides dietary instructions to the in-home caregiver of a 45-
year-old man who has Huntington's disease. The nurse is most
concerned if the caregiver makes which statement?
A. "Depression is common and may cause a decrease in appetite."
B. "If swallowing becomes difficult, a feeding tube may be needed."
C. "Calories should be restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
D. "Muscles in the face are affected, and chewing may become
impossible." Correct Answers C. "Calories should be restricted to
prevent unnecessary weight gain."
Patients with Huntington's disease may require 4000 to 5000 calories
per day to maintain body weight. Weight loss occurs in patients with
Huntington's disease because of choreic movements, difficulty
swallowing, depression, and mental deterioration.
Which measure should the nurse prioritize when providing care for a
patient with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A. Vigilant infection control and adherence to standard precautions
,B. Careful monitoring of neurologic assessment and frequent
reorientation
C. Maintenance of a calorie count and hourly assessment of intake and
output
D. Assessment of blood pressure and monitoring for signs of orthostatic
hypotension Correct Answers A. Vigilant infection control and
adherence to standard precautions
Infection control is a priority in the care of patients with MS, since
infection is the most common cause of an exacerbation of the disease.
Decreases in cognitive function are less likely, and MS does not
typically result in malnutrition, hypotension, or fluid volume excess or
deficit.
A male patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been
admitted recently to a long-term care facility. Which action should the
health care team take in order to promote adequate nutrition for this
patient?
A. Provide multivitamins with each meal.
B. Provide a diet that is low in complex carbohydrates and high in
protein.
C. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to
chew and swallow.
, D. Provide the patient with a minced or pureed diet that is high in
potassium and low in sodium. Correct Answers C. Provide small,
frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and swallow.
Nutritional support is a priority in the care of individuals with PD. Such
patients may benefit from meals that are smaller and more frequent than
normal and that are easy to chew and swallow.
Which nursing diagnosis is likely to be a priority in the care of a patient
with myasthenia gravis (MG)?
A. Acute confusion
B. Bowel incontinence
C. Activity intolerance
D. Disturbed sleep pattern Correct Answers C. Activity intolerance
The primary feature of MG is fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle.
Bowel incontinence and confusion are unlikely signs of MG, and
although sleep disturbance is likely, activity intolerance is usually of
primary concern.
When establishing a diagnosis of MS, the nurse should teach the patient
about what diagnostic studies (select all that apply)?
AND 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
The nurse is caring for a group of patients on a medical unit. After
receiving report, which patient should the nurse see first?
A. A 42-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis who was admitted with
sepsis
B. A 72-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease who has aspiration
pneumonia
C. A 38-year-old patient with myasthenia gravis who declined
prescribed medications
D. A 45-year-old patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who refuses
enteral feedings Correct Answers C. A 38-year-old patient with
myasthenia gravis who declined prescribed medications
Patients with myasthenia gravis who discontinue pyridostigmine
(Mestinon) will develop a myasthenic crisis. Myasthenia crisis results in
severe muscle weakness and can lead to a respiratory arrest.
The nurse observes a 74-year-old man with Parkinson's disease rocking
side to side while sitting in the chair. Which action by the nurse is most
appropriate?
A. Provide the patient with diversional activities.
B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
C. Take the patient's blood pressure sitting and standing.
,D. Ask if the patient is feeling either anxious or depressed. Correct
Answers B. Document the activity in the patient's health record.
Patients with Parkinson's disease are instructed to rock from side to side
to stimulate balance mechanisms and decrease akinesia.
The nurse provides dietary instructions to the in-home caregiver of a 45-
year-old man who has Huntington's disease. The nurse is most
concerned if the caregiver makes which statement?
A. "Depression is common and may cause a decrease in appetite."
B. "If swallowing becomes difficult, a feeding tube may be needed."
C. "Calories should be restricted to prevent unnecessary weight gain."
D. "Muscles in the face are affected, and chewing may become
impossible." Correct Answers C. "Calories should be restricted to
prevent unnecessary weight gain."
Patients with Huntington's disease may require 4000 to 5000 calories
per day to maintain body weight. Weight loss occurs in patients with
Huntington's disease because of choreic movements, difficulty
swallowing, depression, and mental deterioration.
Which measure should the nurse prioritize when providing care for a
patient with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A. Vigilant infection control and adherence to standard precautions
,B. Careful monitoring of neurologic assessment and frequent
reorientation
C. Maintenance of a calorie count and hourly assessment of intake and
output
D. Assessment of blood pressure and monitoring for signs of orthostatic
hypotension Correct Answers A. Vigilant infection control and
adherence to standard precautions
Infection control is a priority in the care of patients with MS, since
infection is the most common cause of an exacerbation of the disease.
Decreases in cognitive function are less likely, and MS does not
typically result in malnutrition, hypotension, or fluid volume excess or
deficit.
A male patient with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been
admitted recently to a long-term care facility. Which action should the
health care team take in order to promote adequate nutrition for this
patient?
A. Provide multivitamins with each meal.
B. Provide a diet that is low in complex carbohydrates and high in
protein.
C. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to
chew and swallow.
, D. Provide the patient with a minced or pureed diet that is high in
potassium and low in sodium. Correct Answers C. Provide small,
frequent meals throughout the day that are easy to chew and swallow.
Nutritional support is a priority in the care of individuals with PD. Such
patients may benefit from meals that are smaller and more frequent than
normal and that are easy to chew and swallow.
Which nursing diagnosis is likely to be a priority in the care of a patient
with myasthenia gravis (MG)?
A. Acute confusion
B. Bowel incontinence
C. Activity intolerance
D. Disturbed sleep pattern Correct Answers C. Activity intolerance
The primary feature of MG is fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle.
Bowel incontinence and confusion are unlikely signs of MG, and
although sleep disturbance is likely, activity intolerance is usually of
primary concern.
When establishing a diagnosis of MS, the nurse should teach the patient
about what diagnostic studies (select all that apply)?
