NURS 406 Quiz 5
Comprehensive Practice Review
Questions and Answers with Detailed Rationales
Aligned with 2026 | 2027 Undergraduate Nursing Research Standards
Foundations of Nursing Research & Evidence-Based Practice
Research Questions, Literature Reviews, Theoretical Frameworks
& Research Ethics with IRB Protections
50 Questions | Five Core Content Domains
June 2025 | Academic Review Paper
, NURS 406 Quiz 5 | Foundations of Nursing Research, EBP, Ethics & IRB
Abstract
This academic review paper presents fifty (50) practice questions designed for the NURS
406 Quiz 5 examination in undergraduate nursing research, evidence-based practice
foundations, literature review strategies, theoretical frameworks, and research ethics.
The questions are organized across five content domains: (1) Foundations of Nursing
Research and Evidence-Based Practice, covering the positivist and constructivist
paradigms, the Triple Aim, and Boyer’s scholarship model; (2) Identifying Researchable
Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses, including the FINER criteria, PICOT
format, variable types, and operational definitions; (3) Literature Reviews, Search
Strategies, and Reference Management, encompassing database selection, Boolean
operators, MeSH terms, truncation, the CRAAP test, and publication bias; (4)
Theoretical Frameworks, Conceptual Models, and Theory in Nursing Research, addressing
grand versus middle-range theories, concepts, propositions, assumptions, and the role
of frameworks in guiding research; and (5) Research Ethics, Institutional Review
Boards, and Protecting Human Subjects, covering the Belmont Report principles, informed
consent, vulnerable populations, IRB review categories, and the Tuskegee Syphilis
Study. Each question includes the correct answer with an evidence-based rationale.
Content is aligned with 2026–2027 AACN Essentials and contemporary undergraduate
nursing research competencies.
Keywords: nursing research, evidence-based practice, PICOT, literature review, theoretical
frameworks, Belmont Report, IRB, informed consent, FINER criteria, research ethics,
vulnerable populations, Boyer scholarship
Page 1
, NURS 406 Quiz 5 | Foundations of Nursing Research, EBP, Ethics & IRB
Section 1: Foundations of Nursing Research & Evidence-Based
Practice (Q1–Q10)
Q1. A nurse manager notices that unit-acquired pressure injuries have increased by 15% over
the last quarter. She decides to systematically investigate the causes and implement a new
turning protocol based on current evidence. This process is best described as:
A. Traditional research
B. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
C. Quality Improvement (QI)
D. Basic science research
Rationale: EBP involves integrating the best current research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient values to improve outcomes; traditional research generates new generalizable
knowledge, while QI focuses on local process monitoring.
Q2. Which historical figure is widely considered the founder of modern nursing research due
to her systematic data collection and statistical analysis of mortality rates during the
Crimean War?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Clara Barton
D. Lillian Wald
Rationale: Florence Nightingale pioneered biostatistics and systematic data collection (e.g., her
polar area diagram) to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality, establishing the
foundation for nursing research.
Q3. In the positivist paradigm, which is the foundation of quantitative research, reality
is viewed as:
A. Subjective, multiple, and socially constructed by individuals
B. Objective, singular, and measurable through empirical observation
C. Constantly changing and dependent on the researcher's perspective
D. Based entirely on the lived experiences of the participants
Rationale: The positivist paradigm assumes reality is objective, singular, and can be measured
empirically; the constructivist paradigm views reality as subjective and socially constructed.
Q4. A nurse researcher is conducting a study to explore the lived experiences of mothers
who have children with rare genetic disorders. This study aligns with which research
paradigm?
A. Positivism
B. Post-positivism
C. Constructivism (Interpretivism)
D. Empiricism
Rationale: Constructivism (interpretivism) underlies qualitative research, focusing on
understanding subjective, multiple realities and lived experiences; positivism focuses on
objective measurement.
Page 2
Comprehensive Practice Review
Questions and Answers with Detailed Rationales
Aligned with 2026 | 2027 Undergraduate Nursing Research Standards
Foundations of Nursing Research & Evidence-Based Practice
Research Questions, Literature Reviews, Theoretical Frameworks
& Research Ethics with IRB Protections
50 Questions | Five Core Content Domains
June 2025 | Academic Review Paper
, NURS 406 Quiz 5 | Foundations of Nursing Research, EBP, Ethics & IRB
Abstract
This academic review paper presents fifty (50) practice questions designed for the NURS
406 Quiz 5 examination in undergraduate nursing research, evidence-based practice
foundations, literature review strategies, theoretical frameworks, and research ethics.
The questions are organized across five content domains: (1) Foundations of Nursing
Research and Evidence-Based Practice, covering the positivist and constructivist
paradigms, the Triple Aim, and Boyer’s scholarship model; (2) Identifying Researchable
Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses, including the FINER criteria, PICOT
format, variable types, and operational definitions; (3) Literature Reviews, Search
Strategies, and Reference Management, encompassing database selection, Boolean
operators, MeSH terms, truncation, the CRAAP test, and publication bias; (4)
Theoretical Frameworks, Conceptual Models, and Theory in Nursing Research, addressing
grand versus middle-range theories, concepts, propositions, assumptions, and the role
of frameworks in guiding research; and (5) Research Ethics, Institutional Review
Boards, and Protecting Human Subjects, covering the Belmont Report principles, informed
consent, vulnerable populations, IRB review categories, and the Tuskegee Syphilis
Study. Each question includes the correct answer with an evidence-based rationale.
Content is aligned with 2026–2027 AACN Essentials and contemporary undergraduate
nursing research competencies.
Keywords: nursing research, evidence-based practice, PICOT, literature review, theoretical
frameworks, Belmont Report, IRB, informed consent, FINER criteria, research ethics,
vulnerable populations, Boyer scholarship
Page 1
, NURS 406 Quiz 5 | Foundations of Nursing Research, EBP, Ethics & IRB
Section 1: Foundations of Nursing Research & Evidence-Based
Practice (Q1–Q10)
Q1. A nurse manager notices that unit-acquired pressure injuries have increased by 15% over
the last quarter. She decides to systematically investigate the causes and implement a new
turning protocol based on current evidence. This process is best described as:
A. Traditional research
B. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
C. Quality Improvement (QI)
D. Basic science research
Rationale: EBP involves integrating the best current research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient values to improve outcomes; traditional research generates new generalizable
knowledge, while QI focuses on local process monitoring.
Q2. Which historical figure is widely considered the founder of modern nursing research due
to her systematic data collection and statistical analysis of mortality rates during the
Crimean War?
A. Virginia Henderson
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Clara Barton
D. Lillian Wald
Rationale: Florence Nightingale pioneered biostatistics and systematic data collection (e.g., her
polar area diagram) to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality, establishing the
foundation for nursing research.
Q3. In the positivist paradigm, which is the foundation of quantitative research, reality
is viewed as:
A. Subjective, multiple, and socially constructed by individuals
B. Objective, singular, and measurable through empirical observation
C. Constantly changing and dependent on the researcher's perspective
D. Based entirely on the lived experiences of the participants
Rationale: The positivist paradigm assumes reality is objective, singular, and can be measured
empirically; the constructivist paradigm views reality as subjective and socially constructed.
Q4. A nurse researcher is conducting a study to explore the lived experiences of mothers
who have children with rare genetic disorders. This study aligns with which research
paradigm?
A. Positivism
B. Post-positivism
C. Constructivism (Interpretivism)
D. Empiricism
Rationale: Constructivism (interpretivism) underlies qualitative research, focusing on
understanding subjective, multiple realities and lived experiences; positivism focuses on
objective measurement.
Page 2
